Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur J Endocrinol. 2024 Mar 30;190(4):338-346. doi: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae039.
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are nondegradable, man-made chemicals. They accumulate in humans with potential harmful effects, especially in susceptible periods of human development, such as the first months of life. We found that, in our cohort, exclusively breastfed (EBF) infants had 3 times higher PFAS plasma levels compared with exclusively formula-fed (EFF) infants at the age of 3 months. Thus, PFASs could potentially reduce the health benefits of breastfeeding.
We investigated the associations between PFAS levels at the age of 3 months and accelerated gain in fat mass during the first 6 months of life, body composition at 2 years, and whether these associations differ between EBF and EFF infants.
In 372 healthy term-born infants, we longitudinally assessed anthropometrics, body composition (by air-displacement plethysmography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and visceral and subcutaneous fat (by abdominal ultrasound) until the age of 2 years.
The plasma levels of 5 individual PFASs were determined by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry at the age of 3 months.
We studied associations between PFAS levels and outcomes using multiple regression analyses.
Higher early life plasma perfluorooctanoic acid and total PFAS levels were associated with an accelerated gain in fat mass percentage [FM%; >0.67 SD score (SDS)] during the first 6 months of life. Higher early life PFAS levels were associated with lower fat-free mass (FFM) SDS at the age of 2 years, but not with total FM% SDS at 2 years. Furthermore, we found opposite effects of PFAS levels (negative) and exclusive breastfeeding (positive) at the age of 3 months on FFM SDS at 2 years.
Higher PFAS levels in early life are associated with accelerated gains in FM% during the first 6 months of life and with lower FFM SDS at the age of 2 years, which have been associated with an unfavorable body composition and metabolic profile later in life. Our findings warrant further research with longer follow-up times.
多氟和全氟烷基物质（PFAS）是不可降解的人造化学品。它们在人体内积累，可能产生有害影响，尤其是在人类发育的敏感时期，如生命的头几个月。我们发现，在我们的队列中，与仅配方喂养（EFF）的婴儿相比，纯母乳喂养（EBF）的婴儿在 3 个月大时的 PFAS 血浆水平高出 3 倍。因此，PFAS 可能会降低母乳喂养的健康益处。
我们研究了 3 个月大时的 PFAS 水平与生命最初 6 个月内脂肪量的快速增加、2 岁时的身体成分以及这些关联在 EBF 和 EFF 婴儿之间是否存在差异之间的关联。
在 372 名健康足月出生的婴儿中，我们通过液体色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱法在 3 个月大时纵向评估了人体测量学、身体成分（通过空气置换体描记法和双能 X 射线吸收法）以及内脏和皮下脂肪（通过腹部超声），直到 2 岁。
在 3 个月大时通过液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱法测定 5 种个体 PFAS 的血浆水平。
我们使用多元回归分析研究了 PFAS 水平与结局之间的关联。
生命早期较高的全氟辛酸和总 PFAS 水平与生命最初 6 个月内脂肪量百分比的快速增加（FM%；>0.67 标准差（SDS））有关。生命早期较高的 PFAS 水平与 2 岁时的无脂肪质量（FFM）SDS 较低有关，但与 2 岁时的总 FM% SDS 无关。此外，我们发现生命早期的 PFAS 水平（负）和纯母乳喂养（正）对 2 岁时的 FFM SDS 有相反的影响。
生命早期较高的 PFAS 水平与生命最初 6 个月内 FM%的快速增加以及 2 岁时 FFM SDS 的降低有关，这与以后的身体成分和代谢特征不利有关。我们的发现需要进一步研究更长的随访时间。
