Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2021 Nov;29(11):1899-1906. doi: 10.1002/oby.23271. Epub 2021 Sep 21.
Early life is a critical window for adiposity programming. This study investigated whether fat mass percentage (FM%), fat mass index (FMI), abdominal fat, and fat-free mass (FFM) in early life track into childhood and whether there are sex differences and differences between infant feeding types.
Detailed body composition was longitudinally measured by air-displacement plethysmography, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and abdominal ultrasound in 224 healthy, term-born children. Measurements were divided into tertiles. Odds ratios (OR) of remaining in the highest tertile of FM%, FMI, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat, and FFM index (FFMI) were calculated from early life to age 4 years.
High FM% and FMI tracked from age 3 and 6 months to age 4 years (OR = 4.34 [p = 0.002] and OR = 6.54 [p < 0.001]). High subcutaneous abdominal fat tracked from age 6 months to age 4 years (OR = 2.30 [p = 0.012]). High FFMI tracked from age 1, 3, and 6 months to age 4 years (OR = 4.16 [p = 0.005], 3.71 [p = 0.004], and 3.36 [p = 0.019]). In non-exclusively breastfed infants, high FM% tracked from early life to age 4 years, whereas this was not the case for exclusively breastfed infants. There was no tracking in visceral fat or sex differences.
Infants with high FM%, FMI, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and FFMI in early life are likely to remain in the highest tertile at age 4 years. Exclusive breastfeeding for 3 months is potentially protective against having high FM% at age 4 years.
生命早期是肥胖形成的关键窗口期。本研究旨在探讨生命早期的脂肪量百分比（FM%）、脂肪量指数（FMI）、腹部脂肪和去脂体重（FFM）是否会持续到儿童期，以及是否存在性别差异和不同的喂养方式差异。
通过空气置换体描法、双能 X 射线吸收法和腹部超声对 224 名健康足月出生的儿童进行了详细的身体成分纵向测量。将测量结果分为三分位。采用比值比（OR）计算了从生命早期到 4 岁时，FM%、FMI、腹部皮下和内脏脂肪以及 FFM 指数（FFMI）仍处于最高三分位的可能性。
高 FM%和 FMI 从 3 个月和 6 个月龄一直持续到 4 岁（OR = 4.34，p = 0.002 和 OR = 6.54，p < 0.001）。高腹部皮下脂肪从 6 个月龄持续到 4 岁（OR = 2.30，p = 0.012）。高 FFMI 从 1、3 和 6 个月龄一直持续到 4 岁（OR = 4.16，p = 0.005，OR = 3.71，p = 0.004 和 OR = 3.36，p = 0.019）。在非纯母乳喂养的婴儿中，FM%从生命早期一直持续到 4 岁，而在纯母乳喂养的婴儿中则不然。内脏脂肪或性别差异没有跟踪。
生命早期 FM%、FMI、腹部皮下脂肪和 FFMI 较高的婴儿，在 4 岁时很可能仍处于最高三分位。纯母乳喂养 3 个月可能有助于防止 4 岁时 FM%升高。
