Alhuneafat Laith, Ta'ani Omar Al, Tarawneh Tala, ElHamdani Adee, Al-Adayleh Rand, Al-Ajlouni Yazan, Naser Abdallah, Al-Abdouh Ahmad, Amoateng Richard, Taffe Kevin, Alqarqaz Mohammad, Jabri Ahmad
Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Curr Probl Cardiol. 2024 Jun;49(6):102557. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102557. Epub 2024 Mar 29.
The rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reflects a major shift from communicable to noncommunicable diseases as primary health challenges. Consequently, this study aims to explore the burden of CVD and associated risk factors in SSA using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database.
This study utilized data from the GBD 1990 to 2019 to examine CVD prevalence in 46 SSA countries. We employed Bayesian regression models, demographic techniques, and mortality-to-incidence ratios to analyze both prevalence and mortality rates. Additionally, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were computed, and various risk factors were examined using the GBD's comparative risk assessment framework.
Between 1990 and 2019, CVD raw counts in SSA rose by 131.7 %, with a 2.1 % increase in age-standardized prevalence rates. The most prevalent conditions were ischemic heart disease, stroke, and rheumatic heart disease. During the same period, the age-standardized CVD deaths per 100,000 individuals decreased from 314 (1990) to 269 (2019), reflecting a -14.4 % decline. Age-standardized CVD DALY rates also showed a decrease from 6,755 in 1990 to 5,476 in 2019, with translates to 18.9 % reduction. By 2019, the Central African Republic, Madagascar, and Lesotho were the countries with the highest age-standardized DALY rates for all CVDs.
The study highlights a contrasting trend in SSA's CVD landscape: a decrease in age-standardized mortality and DALYs contrasts with increasing CVD prevalence, emphasizing the need for targeted public health strategies that balance treatment advancements with intensified prevention and control measures.
撒哈拉以南非洲地区（SSA）心血管疾病（CVD）的增加反映了主要健康挑战从传染病向非传染病的重大转变。因此，本研究旨在利用全球疾病负担（GBD）数据库的数据，探讨SSA地区心血管疾病负担及相关危险因素。
本研究利用1990年至2019年GBD的数据，研究了46个SSA国家的心血管疾病患病率。我们采用贝叶斯回归模型、人口统计学技术和死亡率与发病率之比来分析患病率和死亡率。此外，计算了伤残调整生命年（DALYs），并使用GBD的比较风险评估框架研究了各种危险因素。
1990年至2019年期间，SSA地区心血管疾病的原始病例数增加了131.7%，年龄标准化患病率增加了2.1%。最常见的疾病是缺血性心脏病、中风和风湿性心脏病。同期，每10万人中年龄标准化的心血管疾病死亡人数从1990年的314人降至2019年的269人，下降了14.4%。年龄标准化的心血管疾病伤残调整生命年率也从1990年的6755降至2019年的5476，下降了18.9%。到2019年，中非共和国、马达加斯加和莱索托是所有心血管疾病年龄标准化伤残调整生命年率最高的国家。
该研究突出了SSA地区心血管疾病情况的一个对比趋势：年龄标准化死亡率和伤残调整生命年的下降与心血管疾病患病率的增加形成对比，强调需要制定有针对性的公共卫生策略，平衡治疗进展与强化预防和控制措施。
