Laboratory of Biology and Health, Research Center of Biotechnologies and Health, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Faculty of Sciences Ben M´sik, Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti, B.P 7955, Sidi Othmane, Casablanca, Morocco.
Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergies, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Faculty of Medicine, 19 Rue Tarik Ibnou Ziad, BP 9154, Casablanca, Morocco.
Pan Afr Med J. 2024 Jan 22;47:24. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.24.41038. eCollection 2024.
this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and management of food allergies (FA) and drug allergies (DA) in Morocco. Sparse and conflicting epidemiological data exist on the exact prevalence of allergies in the country. The rise in allergies can be attributed to various factors.
the study analyzed data from patients with suspected FA and DA who sought medical attention. Statistical tests were used to analyze the data, percentages were computed for qualitative variables, and for quantitative variables, medians or means accompanied by standard deviations (SD) were calculated. The Chi-square test was employed to assess categorical variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Cow's milk was the most reported food allergen (58.2%), followed by egg and nuts (23.4% and 12.1%, respectively). The most affected age group was children under 5 years. Antibiotics were the leading cause of reported drug allergies (44.8%), particularly Beta-lactams. Immediate reactions were commonly associated with antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Symptoms of FA included acute urticaria, vomiting, anaphylactic shock, and facial edema. Urticaria was the most frequent symptom of DA. Antihistamines and corticosteroids were the main treatments used for both FA and DA.
the prevalence of FA and DA in Morocco remains uncertain due to limited data. There is a need for centralized data collection and awareness among clinicians and the general population regarding allergies. The study highlights the importance of proper diagnosis and management of allergies to ensure patient safety. The findings emphasize the necessity of establishing a mandatory center for allergy care in Morocco to improve the understanding and management of allergic conditions.
本研究旨在调查摩洛哥食物过敏（FA）和药物过敏（DA）的流行情况和管理方法。关于该国过敏的确切流行率，存在着稀少且相互矛盾的流行病学数据。过敏的增加可归因于多种因素。
该研究分析了因疑似 FA 和 DA 而寻求医疗的患者的数据。使用统计检验对数据进行分析，对定性变量计算百分比，对定量变量计算中位数或平均值及其标准差（SD）。使用卡方检验评估分类变量。p 值<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
牛奶是最常报告的食物过敏原（58.2%），其次是鸡蛋和坚果（分别为 23.4%和 12.1%）。受影响最大的年龄组是 5 岁以下的儿童。抗生素是报告的药物过敏的主要原因（44.8%），特别是β-内酰胺类抗生素。速发型反应常与抗生素和非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）有关。FA 的症状包括急性荨麻疹、呕吐、过敏性休克和面部水肿。荨麻疹是 DA 最常见的症状。抗组胺药和皮质类固醇是治疗 FA 和 DA 的主要药物。
由于数据有限，摩洛哥 FA 和 DA 的流行率仍不确定。需要集中收集数据，并提高临床医生和普通人群对过敏的认识。该研究强调了正确诊断和管理过敏的重要性，以确保患者安全。研究结果强调了在摩洛哥建立强制性过敏护理中心的必要性，以改善对过敏情况的理解和管理。
