Montero Ashley, Baranoff John, Adams Robert, Drummond Murray
College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
Sport, Health, Activity, Performance and Exercise (SHAPE) Research Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
Front Psychol. 2024 Mar 15;15:1350925. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1350925. eCollection 2024.
The aim of this investigation was to determine which factors were associated with symptoms of sleep and mental health disorders in former athletes.
Former athletes (N = 173, 50% women) who retired from any competition level within the last 20 years participated in an online survey. The survey consisted of the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R), and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7).
Binary logistic regressions revealed that both age (OR = 0.95 [95% CI:0.92, 0.99], = 0.007) and gender (OR = 2.28 [95% CI:1.09, 4.79], = 0.029) were associated with anxiety, with women and younger ex-athletes presenting greater risk of anxiety symptoms. Higher body mass was associated with an increased risk for sleep difficulty (OR = 1.13 [95% CI:1.03, 1.23], = 0.008), sleep disordered breathing (OR = 1.20 [95% CI:1.10, 1.30], < 0.001), and compromised wellbeing (OR = 0.89 [95% CI:0.83, 0.96], = 0.001). Athletes who subjectively placed a lower priority on sport while competing presented greater risk of sleep disordered breathing (OR = 2.00[95% CI:1.05, 3.80], = 0.035). No associations between recency retirement and any outcome measures were observed.
Findings suggest potential predictive factors for difficulty transitioning out of sport. Future longitudinal research should consider the interplay between sport re-engagement and the incidence and chronicity of sleep and mental health disorders.
本调查的目的是确定哪些因素与退役运动员的睡眠和心理健康障碍症状相关。
过去20年内从任何竞赛水平退役的退役运动员（N = 173，50%为女性）参与了一项在线调查。该调查包括运动员睡眠筛查问卷（ASSQ）、成人个人幸福指数（PWI-A）、流行病学研究中心抑郁量表修订版（CESD-R）和广泛性焦虑症评估量表（GAD-7）。
二元逻辑回归显示，年龄（OR = 0.95 [95%置信区间：0.92，0.99]，P = 0.007）和性别（OR = 2.28 [95%置信区间：1.09，4.79]，P = 0.029）均与焦虑相关，女性和年轻退役运动员出现焦虑症状的风险更高。较高的体重与睡眠困难风险增加相关（OR = 1.13 [95%置信区间：1.03，1.23]，P = 0.008）、睡眠呼吸障碍（OR = 1.20 [95%置信区间：1.10，1.30]，P < 0.001）以及幸福感受损（OR = 0.89 [95%置信区间：0.83，0.96]，P = 0.001）。在比赛期间主观上对运动重视程度较低的运动员出现睡眠呼吸障碍的风险更高（OR = 2.00[95%置信区间：1.05，3.80]，P = 0.035）。未观察到最近退役与任何结果指标之间存在关联。
研究结果表明了从运动中过渡困难的潜在预测因素。未来的纵向研究应考虑重新参与运动与睡眠和心理健康障碍的发生率及慢性病程之间的相互作用。
