Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Academic Center for Evidence Based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Phys Sportsmed. 2022 Apr;50(2):123-131. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1868276. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
The primary objectives of the study were to (i) establish the 12-month incidence and comorbidity of symptoms of mental health disorders (distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, alcohol misuse, disordered eating) among Dutch former elite athletes and (ii) explore the potential relationship with the stressors involuntary retirement, recent life events, career dissatisfaction. The secondary objective was to investigate whether the incidence of symptoms of mental health disorders and their potential relationship with stressors are related to duration since retirement.
An observational prospective cohort study with a 12-month follow-up was conducted among Dutch former elite athletes. Symptoms of mental health disorders and potential stressors were assessed using validated questionnaires.
A total of 282 participants were included at baseline and 193 completed follow-up. The incidence ranged from 7% for alcohol misuse to 28% for anxiety/depression. Comorbidity of two or three symptoms of mental health disorders was reported in 7% and 4%, respectively. Adverse life events were significantly related to disordered eating (RR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.05-1.61), while career dissatisfaction also showed a significant relationship with disordered eating (RR = 3.98, 95%CI = 1.32-11.99) and sleep disturbance (RR = 3.23, 95%CI = 1.10-9.51). The stressor involuntary retirement did not have a significant relationship with any symptoms of mental health disorders. The effect of duration since retirement seemed to be most present in the first 15 years since athletic career retirement in the plotted graphs.
The 12-month incidence of symptoms of mental health disorders ranged from 7% to 28% and comorbidity of symptoms of mental health disorders was present in 12%. Adverse life events and career dissatisfaction only increased the risk of certain symptoms of mental health disorders. Duration since retirement might affect the incidence of symptoms of mental health disorders and its relationship with stressors in the first 15 years.
本研究的主要目的是：(i) 确定荷兰前精英运动员出现心理健康障碍（困扰、焦虑/抑郁、睡眠障碍、酒精使用障碍、饮食障碍）症状的 12 个月发病率和合并症；(ii) 探讨与非自愿退役、近期生活事件、职业不满等压力源的潜在关系。次要目的是调查心理健康障碍症状的发生率及其与压力源的潜在关系是否与退役时间有关。
对荷兰前精英运动员进行了一项为期 12 个月的前瞻性队列研究。使用经过验证的问卷评估心理健康障碍症状和潜在压力源。
共纳入 282 名参与者作为基线，其中 193 名完成了随访。发病率从酒精使用障碍的 7%到焦虑/抑郁的 28%不等。两种或三种心理健康障碍症状的合并症分别为 7%和 4%。不良生活事件与饮食障碍显著相关（RR=1.30，95%CI=1.05-1.61），而职业不满也与饮食障碍（RR=3.98，95%CI=1.32-11.99）和睡眠障碍（RR=3.23，95%CI=1.10-9.51）显著相关。压力源非自愿退役与任何心理健康障碍症状均无显著关系。从运动生涯退役开始的 15 年内，退休时间的影响似乎在图表中表现得最为明显。
心理健康障碍症状的 12 个月发病率为 7%至 28%，合并症为 12%。不良生活事件和职业不满只会增加某些心理健康障碍症状的风险。退休时间可能会影响退役后 15 年内心理健康障碍症状的发生率及其与压力源的关系。
