Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.
Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.
Front Immunol. 2024 Mar 13;15:1272351. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1272351. eCollection 2024.
In recent years, oncolytic viruses have emerged as promising agents for treating various cancers. An oncolytic virus is a non-pathogenic virus that, due to genetic manipulation, tends to replicate in and cause lysis of cancerous cells while leaving healthy cells unaffected. Among these viruses, vaccinia virus is an attractive platform for use as an oncolytic platform due to its 190 Kb genome with a high capacity for encoding therapeutic payloads. Combining oncolytic VV therapy with other conventional cancer treatments has been shown to be synergistic and more effective than monotherapies. Additionally, OVV can be used as a vector to deliver therapeutic payloads, alone or in combination with other treatments, to increase overall efficacy. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of preclinical and clinical studies that have evaluated the efficacy of oncolytic vaccinia viruses in cancer immunotherapy. We discuss the outcomes of these studies, including tumor regression rates, overall survival benefits, and long-term responses. Moreover, we provide insights into the challenges and limitations associated with oncolytic vaccinia virus- based therapies, including immune evasion mechanisms, potential toxicities, and the development of resistance.
近年来，溶瘤病毒作为治疗各种癌症的有前途的药物而出现。溶瘤病毒是一种非致病性病毒，由于遗传操作，它倾向于在癌细胞中复制并导致裂解，而不影响健康细胞。在这些病毒中，由于其 190 Kb 的基因组具有高容量的编码治疗有效载荷的能力，痘苗病毒是作为溶瘤平台使用的有吸引力的平台。将溶瘤 VV 治疗与其他常规癌症治疗相结合已被证明比单一疗法更具协同作用和更有效。此外，OVV 可用作载体，单独或与其他治疗方法联合使用，以提高整体疗效。在这里，我们对评估溶瘤痘苗病毒在癌症免疫治疗中的疗效的临床前和临床研究进行了全面分析。我们讨论了这些研究的结果，包括肿瘤消退率、总生存获益和长期反应。此外，我们还深入探讨了与溶瘤痘苗病毒治疗相关的挑战和局限性，包括免疫逃逸机制、潜在毒性和耐药性的发展。
