Liu Xiang, Chen Hongyan, Tan Guirong, Zhong Lijuan, Jiang Haihui, Smith Stephen M, Wang Henry Z
Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China.
Advanced Neuroimaging Laboratory, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Nov 28;15:1496627. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1496627. eCollection 2024.
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a novel clinical therapeutic option for a variety of solid tumors over the past decades. The application of immunotherapy in primary and metastatic brain tumors continues to grow despite limitations due to the physiological characteristics of the immune system within the central nervous system (CNS) and distinct pathological barriers of malignant brain tumors. The post-immunotherapy treatment imaging is more complex. In this review, we summarize the clinical application of immunotherapies in solid tumors beyond the CNS. We provide an overview of current immunotherapies used in brain tumors, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), oncolytic viruses, vaccines, and CAR T-cell therapies. We focus on the imaging criteria for the assessment of treatment response to immunotherapy, and post-immunotherapy treatment imaging patterns. We discuss advanced imaging techniques in the evaluation of treatment response to immunotherapy in brain tumors. The imaging characteristics of immunotherapy treatment-related complications in CNS are described. Lastly, future imaging challenges in this field are explored.
在过去几十年中，癌症免疫疗法已成为多种实体瘤的一种新型临床治疗选择。尽管由于中枢神经系统（CNS）内免疫系统的生理特性以及恶性脑肿瘤独特的病理屏障存在局限性，但免疫疗法在原发性和转移性脑肿瘤中的应用仍在不断增加。免疫治疗后的治疗成像更为复杂。在本综述中，我们总结了免疫疗法在中枢神经系统以外实体瘤中的临床应用。我们概述了目前用于脑肿瘤的免疫疗法，包括免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）、溶瘤病毒、疫苗和嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞疗法。我们重点关注评估免疫治疗反应的成像标准以及免疫治疗后的治疗成像模式。我们讨论了在评估脑肿瘤免疫治疗反应中的先进成像技术。描述了中枢神经系统中免疫治疗相关并发症的成像特征。最后，探讨了该领域未来的成像挑战。
