Ogo Ogo, Hembafan Ngutor, Amokaha Raphael, Jeremiah Oloche, Inalegwu Bawa
Department of Biochemistry, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.
Centre for Food Technology and Research, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.
Heliyon. 2024 Mar 21;10(7):e28456. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28456. eCollection 2024 Apr 15.
High volume of postharvest materials including peels from citrus fruits is periodically generated, which contributes to environmental pollution. Investigating the chemical composition cum antioxidant property of these 'wastes' would be instructive in achieving value addition in the food and pharmaceutical value chain. On this premise, this study carried out phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of three (3) commonly cultivated citrus varieties namely 'valencia', 'washinton' and 'thompson navel'. The peels were extracted using ethanol and hexane in a Soxhlet extractor and thereafter subjected to phytochemical and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydrogen peroxide scavenging and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays to evaluate their antioxidant potentials. Results show that peel extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, diterpenes, tannins and glycosides. GC/MS analysis identified about 48 compounds in each extract; with the predominant bioactive compounds being limonene (16.5%), ascorbic acid (17.7%), stearic acid (26.3%), linalool (4.7%), linoleic acid (16.18%), palmitic acid (15.23%), pentadecyclic acid (1.1%). Ethanol and hexane extracts of Valencia exhibited higher FRAP (9.09 ± 0.13) and CUPRAC (2.04 ± 0.06) values while the ethanol extract of Ibadan sweet demonstrated greater hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (1.39 ± 0.00). Citrus peels are rich in bioactive compounds with excellent antioxidant activity and may serve as potential sources of natural antioxidants for food products or pharmaceutical formulations.
包括柑橘类水果果皮在内的大量收获后材料会定期产生，这对环境污染有一定影响。研究这些“废弃物”的化学成分及其抗氧化特性，对于在食品和制药价值链中实现增值具有指导意义。在此前提下，本研究对三个常见栽培柑橘品种“巴伦西亚”、“华盛顿”和“汤姆森脐橙”进行了植物化学筛选和抗氧化活性研究。使用索氏提取器用乙醇和己烷对果皮进行提取，然后进行植物化学和气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）分析、铁离子还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）、过氧化氢清除能力和铜离子还原抗氧化能力（CUPRAC）测定，以评估其抗氧化潜力。结果表明，果皮提取物含有生物碱、黄酮类化合物、酚类、植物甾醇、二萜类、单宁和糖苷。GC/MS分析在每种提取物中鉴定出约48种化合物；主要的生物活性化合物为柠檬烯（16.5%）、抗坏血酸（17.7%）、硬脂酸（26.3%）、芳樟醇（4.7%）、亚油酸（16.18%）、棕榈酸（15.23%）、十五烷酸（1.1%）。巴伦西亚的乙醇和己烷提取物表现出较高的FRAP值（9.09±0.13）和CUPRAC值（2.04±0.06），而伊巴丹甜橙的乙醇提取物表现出更强的过氧化氢清除活性（1.39±0.00）。柑橘类水果果皮富含具有优异抗氧化活性的生物活性化合物，可作为食品或药物制剂天然抗氧化剂的潜在来源。
