Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2024 Nov 14;61(6):1290-1308. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjae043.
Chagas disease is an infectious disease of human and animal health concern, with 6-8 million chronic human infections and over 50,000 deaths throughout the Americas annually. Hematophagous insects of the subfamily Triatominae, also called kissing bugs, vector the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae), that causes Chagas disease. Despite the large human health burden, Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease with inadequate funding for research and preventive practices. Given the resource-poor environment of most agencies trying to protect public health, it is critical to consider all control options for reducing vector populations and the risk of human exposure to T. cruzi to identify the most appropriate tools for each context. While numerous triatomine control methods exist, the literature lacks a compilation of the strategies used, a critical examination of their efficiency, and a particular focus on triatomine control in the United States compared to elsewhere in the Americas. Here, we present a review of the literature to assess historical intervention strategies of existing and developing triatomine control methods. For each method, we discuss progress in the field, future research to further advance the method, and limitations. While we found that pyrethroid insecticide is still the most commonly used method of triatomine and Chagas disease control, we suggest that complementing these techniques with alternative control methods in development will help to achieve Chagas disease reduction goals.
恰加斯病是一种危害人类和动物健康的传染病，在整个美洲，每年有 600 万至 800 万人患有慢性人类感染，并有超过 5 万人死亡。吸血的三锥虫亚科昆虫，也称为接吻虫，传播原生动物寄生虫克氏锥虫恰加斯（克鲁兹锥虫：克鲁兹锥虫科），引起恰加斯病。尽管恰加斯病给人类健康带来了巨大负担，但它仍是一种被忽视的热带病，研究和预防措施的资金不足。鉴于大多数试图保护公众健康的机构资源匮乏，考虑所有控制选项来减少媒介种群和人类接触克氏锥虫的风险，以确定每种情况下最合适的工具至关重要。虽然有许多防治三锥虫的方法，但文献中缺乏对这些策略的综合、对其效率的批判性审查，也没有特别关注美国与美洲其他地区的三锥虫防治。在这里，我们对文献进行了综述，以评估现有的和正在发展的三锥虫防治方法的历史干预策略。对于每种方法，我们讨论了该领域的进展、进一步推进该方法的未来研究以及局限性。虽然我们发现拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂仍然是最常用的三锥虫和恰加斯病控制方法，但我们建议，用替代控制方法来补充这些技术，将有助于实现减少恰加斯病的目标。
