Uncovering the roles of in redox and bioenergetic homeostasis: implications for antitubercular therapy.

UNLABELLED

(), the pathogenic bacterium that causes tuberculosis, has evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms to counteract the cytotoxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated within host macrophages during infection. The gene in and () plays a crucial role in defense mechanisms against ROS generated during infection. We demonstrate that encodes an epoxide hydrolase and contributes to ROS detoxification. Deletion of in resulted in a mutant with increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, increased accumulation of aldehyde species, and decreased production of mycothiol and ergothioneine. This heightened vulnerability is attributed to the increased expression of , a universal stress sensor. The absence of also resulted in reduced intracellular levels of NAD, NADH, and ATP. Bacterial growth was impaired, even in the absence of external stressors, and the impairment was carbon source dependent. Initial MelH substrate specificity studies demonstrate a preference for epoxides with a single aromatic substituent. Taken together, these results highlight the role of in mycobacterial bioenergetic metabolism and provide new insights into the complex interplay between redox homeostasis and generation of reactive aldehyde species in mycobacteria.

IMPORTANCE

This study unveils the pivotal role played by the gene in and in in combatting the detrimental impact of oxidative conditions during infection. This investigation revealed notable alterations in the level of cytokinin-associated aldehyde, -hydroxybenzaldehyde, as well as the redox buffer ergothioneine, upon deletion of . Moreover, changes in crucial cofactors responsible for electron transfer highlighted 's crucial function in maintaining a delicate equilibrium of redox and bioenergetic processes. MelH prefers epoxide small substrates with a phenyl substituted substrate. These findings collectively emphasize the potential of as an attractive target for the development of novel antitubercular therapies that sensitize mycobacteria to host stress, offering new avenues for combating tuberculosis.