Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Females's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Sleep Med Rev. 2024 Jun;75:101926. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101926. Epub 2024 Mar 21.
The number of individuals experiencing sleep loss has exponentially risen over the past decades. Extrapolation of laboratory findings to the real world suggests that females are more affected by extended wakefulness and circadian misalignment than males are. Therefore, long-term effects such as sleep and metabolic disorders are likely to be more prevalent in females than in males. Despite emerging evidence for sex differences in key aspects of sleep-wake and circadian regulation, much remains unknown, as females are often underrepresented in sleep and circadian research. This narrative review aims at highlighting 1) how sex differences systematically impinge on the sleep-wake and circadian regulation in humans, 2) how sex differences in sleep and circadian factors modulate metabolic control, and 3) the relevance of these differences for precision medicine. Ultimately, the findings justify factoring in sex differences when optimizing individually targeted sleep and circadian interventions in humans.
在过去几十年中，经历睡眠不足的人数呈指数级增长。实验室研究结果推断，女性比男性更容易受到长时间清醒和昼夜节律紊乱的影响。因此，睡眠和代谢紊乱等长期影响可能在女性中比男性中更为普遍。尽管有越来越多的证据表明睡眠-觉醒和昼夜节律调节方面存在性别差异，但仍有许多未知因素，因为女性在睡眠和昼夜节律研究中经常代表性不足。本综述旨在强调：1）性别差异如何系统地影响人类的睡眠-觉醒和昼夜节律调节，2）睡眠和昼夜节律因素中的性别差异如何调节代谢控制，以及 3）这些差异对精准医学的相关性。最终，这些发现证明，在优化针对个体的睡眠和昼夜节律干预措施时，考虑性别差异是合理的。
