Agustini Dyah, Heimann Mary K, Co Megan, Walter Benjamin A, Purmessur Devina, Moore Sarah A
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Mar 19;11:1359016. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1359016. eCollection 2024.
Modic changes (MC) are signs of vertebral pathology visible on magnetic resonance (MR) images that have been associated with low back pain (LBP) and disc degeneration in people. Multiple breeds of dogs also develop MCs and coincident back pain. However, the association between breed, MC, and spinal pathologies has yet to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of MC that occur spontaneously in the lumbar vertebral column of dogs diagnosed with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) and examine their association with demographic criteria and the disc width index (DWI).
Medical records and lumbar vertebral column MR images were examined from 104 dogs (831 intervertebral disc spaces and adjacent vertebrae), which were divided into three groups: chondrodystrophic dogs (CD; =54) and non-chondrodystrophic dogs (NCD; =30) with IVDD as the primary diagnosis, and control dogs ( =20) with other spinal diseases as their primary diagnosis.
Increasing age and a diagnosis of IVDD were significantly associated with MC in dogs ( < 0.001 and = 0.0062, respectively). In CD dogs with IVDD, Type 2 MC were most prevalent, whereas, in NCD dogs, Type 3 MC were the most prevalent type. Type 2 MC were distributed nearly equally across the lumbar vertebral column, while Type 3 MC were primarily detected at the level of L7-S1.
This study demonstrated that MC developed spontaneously in dogs, are common in dogs diagnosed with IVDD, and the type observed varies by breed. Further research is needed to understand the pathogenesis of MC; however, the increased presence of Type 2 MC in CD dogs, similar to what is found in people with disc degeneration, suggests that CD dogs could serve as models for MC in people.
Modic改变（MC）是磁共振（MR）图像上可见的椎体病变体征，与人的腰痛（LBP）和椎间盘退变有关。多种犬种也会出现MC并伴有背痛。然而，品种、MC和脊柱病变之间的关联尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在确定诊断为椎间盘疾病（IVDD）的犬腰椎自发出现MC的患病率，并检查它们与人口统计学标准和椎间盘宽度指数（DWI）的关联。
检查了104只犬（831个椎间盘间隙和相邻椎体）的病历和腰椎MR图像，这些犬分为三组：以IVDD为主要诊断的软骨发育不良犬（CD；n = 54）和非软骨发育不良犬（NCD；n = 30），以及以其他脊柱疾病为主要诊断的对照犬（n = 20）。
年龄增长和IVDD诊断与犬的MC显著相关（分别为P < 0.001和P = 0.0062）。在患有IVDD的CD犬中，2型MC最为常见，而在NCD犬中，3型MC是最常见的类型。2型MC在腰椎几乎平均分布，而3型MC主要在L7 - S1水平检测到。
本研究表明，MC在犬中自发出现，在诊断为IVDD的犬中很常见，并且观察到的类型因品种而异。需要进一步研究以了解MC的发病机制；然而，CD犬中2型MC的增加与椎间盘退变患者中发现的情况相似，这表明CD犬可作为人类MC的模型。
