中国西北不同硝铵比条件下玉米花后干物质和氮素的积累、分配及转运

Post-anthesis dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, partitioning, and translocation in maize under different nitrate-ammonium ratios in Northwestern China.

作者信息

Wu Bing, Cui Zhengjun, Zechariah Effah, Guo Lizhuo, Gao Yuhong, Yan Bin, Liu Hongsheng, Wang Yifan, Wang Haidi, Li Li

机构信息

College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.

State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China.

出版信息

Front Plant Sci. 2024 Mar 19;15:1257882. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1257882. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.3389/fpls.2024.1257882

PMID:38567136

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10985316/

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

An appropriate supply of ammonium (NH4+) in addition to nitrate (NO3-) can greatly improve plant growth and promote maize productivity. However, knowledge gaps exist regarding the mechanisms by which different nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources affect the enzymatic activity of nitrogen metabolism and non-structural carbohydrates during the post-anthesis period.

METHODS

A field experiment across 3-year was carried out to explore the effects of four nitrateammonium ratio (NO3-/NH4+ = 1:0 (N1), 1:1 (N2), 1:3 (N3), and 3:1 (N4)) on postanthesis dry matter (DM) and N accumulation, partitioning, transportation, and grain yield in maize.

RESULTS

NO3-/NH4+ ratio with 3:1 improved the enzymatic activity of N metabolism and non-structural carbohydrate accumulation, which strongly promoted the transfer of DM and N in vegetative organs to reproductive organs and improved the pre-anthesis DM and nitrogen translocation efficiency. The enzymatic activities of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase, and non-structural carbohydrate accumulation under N4 treatment were increased by 9.30%-32.82%, 13.19%-37.94%, 4.11%-16.00%, 11.19%-30.82%, and 14.89%-31.71% compared with the other treatments. Mixed NO3--N and NH4+-N increased the total DM accumulation at the anthesis and maturity stages, simultaneously decreasing the DM partitioning of stem, increasing total DM, DM translocation efficiency (DMtE), and contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to the grain (CAPG) in 2015 and 2017, promoting the transfer of DM from stem to grain. Furthermore, the grain yield increased by 3.31%-9.94% (2015), 68.6%-26.30% (2016), and 8.292%-36.08% (2017) under the N4 treatment compared to the N1, N2, and N3 treatments.

CONCLUSION

The study showed that a NO3-/NH4+ ratio of 3:1 is recommended for high-yield and sustainable maize management strategies in Northwestern China.

摘要

引言

除硝酸盐（NO3-）外，适量供应铵（NH4+）可极大地促进植物生长并提高玉米产量。然而，关于不同氮肥源在花后时期影响氮代谢酶活性和非结构性碳水化合物的机制，仍存在知识空白。

方法

开展了一项为期3年的田间试验，以探究4种硝铵比（NO3-/NH4+ = 1:0（N1）、1:1（N2）、1:3（N3）和3:1（N4））对玉米花后干物质（DM）和氮素积累、分配、转运及籽粒产量的影响。

结果

3:1的NO3-/NH4+比例提高了氮代谢酶活性和非结构性碳水化合物积累，有力地促进了营养器官中干物质和氮向生殖器官的转移，并提高了花前干物质和氮素转运效率。与其他处理相比，N4处理下硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酰胺-酮戊二酸转氨酶的酶活性以及非结构性碳水化合物积累分别提高了9.30%-32.82%、13.19%-37.94%、4.11%-16.00%、11.19%-30.82%和14.89%-31.71%。混合硝态氮和铵态氮增加了花期和成熟期的总干物质积累，同时降低了茎的干物质分配，提高了2015年和2017年的总干物质、干物质转运效率（DMtE）以及花前同化物对籽粒的贡献率（CAPG），促进了干物质从茎向籽粒的转移。此外，与N1、N2和N3处理相比，N4处理下2015年籽粒产量提高了3.31%-9.94%，2016年提高了68.6%-26.30%，2017年提高了8.292%-36.08%。