Frost Entomological Museum, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Apr 3;19(4):e0298865. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298865. eCollection 2024.
Haiku are short poems, each composed of about 10 words, that typically describe moments in nature. People have written haiku since at least the 17th century, and the medium continues to be popular with poets, amateurs, educators, and students. Collectively, these poems represent an opportunity to understand which aspects of nature-e.g., which taxa and biological traits-resonate with humans and whether there are temporal trends in their representation or the emotions associated with these moments. We tested this potential using a mix of linguistic and biological methods, in analyses of nearly 4,000 haiku that reference arthropods. We documented the taxa and the life history traits represented in these poems and how they changed over time. We also analyzed the poems for emotion and tone. Our results reveal a mix of predictable trends and compelling surprises, each of which stand to potentially inform engagement strategies. At least 99 families of arthropods, in 28 orders, are represented in these haiku. The eight most commonly referenced taxa, from highest to lowest number of references, include: Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Araneae, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, and Odonata. Several common, conspicuous orders were never referenced, including Trichoptera, Plecoptera, and Megaloptera. The most commonly referenced traits relate to ecology (especially habitat, phenology, time of day), behavior (especially sound production), phenotype (especially color), and locomotion (especially flight). The least common traits in haiku relate to arthropod reproduction and physiology. Our analyses revealed few obvious temporal trends in the representations of taxa, biological traits, or emotion and tone. The broader implications of these results and possible future directions are discussed.
俳句是一种短诗，每首由约 10 个单词组成，通常描述自然中的瞬间。自 17 世纪以来，人们一直在创作俳句，这种形式仍然深受诗人、业余爱好者、教育工作者和学生的喜爱。这些诗歌共同代表了一个机会，可以了解人类与自然的哪些方面产生共鸣，以及它们在代表性或与这些瞬间相关的情感方面是否存在时间趋势。我们使用语言和生物学方法的混合方法，对近 4000 首提及节肢动物的俳句进行了分析，以此来检验这种潜力。我们记录了这些诗歌中所代表的分类群和生活史特征，以及它们随时间的变化。我们还分析了这些诗歌的情感和语调。我们的研究结果揭示了一些可预测的趋势和引人注目的惊喜，每一个趋势和惊喜都有可能为参与策略提供信息。至少有 99 个节肢动物科，28 个目，在这些俳句中得到了体现。最常被引用的 8 个分类群，按被引用次数从高到低排列，包括：鳞翅目、膜翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、蜘蛛目、直翅目、半翅目和蜻蜓目。一些常见的、显眼的目从未被引用过，包括蜉蝣目、襀翅目和广翅目。最常被引用的特征与生态学（尤其是栖息地、物候学、一天中的时间）、行为（尤其是声音产生）、表型（尤其是颜色）和运动（尤其是飞行）有关。在俳句中最不常见的特征与节肢动物的繁殖和生理学有关。我们的分析发现，在分类群、生物特征或情感和语调的代表性方面几乎没有明显的时间趋势。这些结果的更广泛影响和可能的未来方向进行了讨论。
