Pichon Marjorie, Buller Ana Maria, Gimunta Veronicah, Rutenge Oscar, Thiaw Yandé, Sono Revocatus, Howard-Merrill Lottie
Gender Violence & Health Centre, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Amani Girls Organization, Mwanza, United Republic of Tanzania.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024 Apr 3;4(4):e0002527. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002527. eCollection 2024.
Age-disparate transactional sex is a major contributor to the disproportionate rates of HIV experienced by adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa, and a key driver of unintended adolescent pregnancy. This paper comprises one element of the impact evaluation of the Learning Initiative on Norms, Exploitation and Abuse (LINEA) radio drama intervention to prevent age-disparate transactional sex. It provides new insights into the radio drama's influence on distal drivers of age-disparate transactional sex identified in formative research: girls' own educational aspirations, and gendered attitudes towards work. The intervention, which targeted adolescent girls and their caregivers in the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania, uses an edutainment approach to prevent transactional sex between girls aged 12-16 years and men at least 5-10 years older. We distributed the 39-episode radio drama on USB flash drives to 331 households and conducted longitudinal in-depth interviews with 59 participants. We conducted a thematic analysis of endline (December 2021) transcripts from 23 girls, 18 women caregivers, and 18 men caregivers of girls (n = 59), and midline (November 2021) transcripts from a sub-sample of these participants: 16 girls, 16 women and 13 men (n = 45). Findings suggest the radio drama created an enabling environment for preventing age-disparate transactional sex by increasing girls' motivation to focus on their studies and remain in school. There was also strong evidence of increased gender-equitable attitudes about work among girls and women and men caregivers. These supported women joining the workforce in positions traditionally reserved for men and challenging the male provider role. Our findings suggest that the LINEA radio drama can supplement interventions that address structural drivers of age-disparate transactional sex. The radio drama may also have impacts beyond preventing age-disparate transactional sex, such as reducing girls' HIV morbidity and mortality, and challenging attitudes that promote sexual and gender-based violence to foster more gender-equitable communities across Tanzania.
年龄差距较大的交易性行为是撒哈拉以南非洲地区少女感染艾滋病毒比例过高的主要原因，也是意外少女怀孕的关键驱动因素。本文是对“规范、剥削与虐待学习倡议”（LINEA）广播剧干预措施进行影响评估的一个组成部分，该干预措施旨在预防年龄差距较大的交易性行为。它为广播剧对形成性研究中确定的年龄差距较大的交易性行为的远端驱动因素的影响提供了新的见解：女孩自身的教育抱负以及对工作的性别态度。该干预措施针对坦桑尼亚希尼安加地区的少女及其照顾者，采用寓教于乐的方法来预防12至16岁女孩与至少大5至10岁的男性之间的交易性行为。我们将这部39集的广播剧通过USB闪存驱动器分发给331户家庭，并对59名参与者进行了纵向深入访谈。我们对23名女孩、18名女性照顾者和18名女孩的男性照顾者（共59人）的终期访谈（2021年12月）记录以及这些参与者子样本的中期访谈（2021年11月）记录进行了主题分析：16名女孩、16名女性和13名男性（共45人）。研究结果表明，广播剧通过增强女孩专注于学业并留在学校的动力，为预防年龄差距较大的交易性行为创造了有利环境。还有有力证据表明，女孩以及女性和男性照顾者对工作的性别平等态度有所增强。这些支持了女性进入传统上由男性担任的工作岗位，并挑战了男性养家糊口的角色。我们的研究结果表明，LINEA广播剧可以补充针对年龄差距较大的交易性行为的结构性驱动因素的干预措施。广播剧可能还会产生除预防年龄差距较大的交易性行为之外的影响，例如降低女孩的艾滋病毒发病率和死亡率，以及挑战助长性暴力和基于性别的暴力的态度，以在坦桑尼亚各地营造更加性别平等的社区。
