Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
PLoS One. 2024 Apr 3;19(4):e0297907. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297907. eCollection 2024.
The human skin virome, unlike commensal bacteria, is an under investigated component of the human skin microbiome. We developed a sensitive, quantitative assay to detect cutaneous human resident papillomaviruses (HPV) and polyomaviruses (HPyV) and we first used it to describe these viral populations at the skin surface of two patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PSO). We performed skin swabs on lesional and non-lesional skin in one AD and one PSO patient at M0, M1 and M3. After extraction, DNA was amplified using an original multiplex PCR technique before high throughput sequencing (HTS) of the amplicons (named AmpliSeq-HTS). Quantitative results were ultimately compared with monoplex quantitative PCRs (qPCRs) for previously detected viruses and were significantly correlated (R2 = 0.95, ρ = 0.75). Fifteen and 13 HPV types (mainly gamma and beta-HPVs) or HPyV species (mainly Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV)) were detected on the skin of the AD and PSO patients, respectively. In both patients, the composition of the viral flora was variable across body sites but remained stable over time in non-lesional skin samples, mostly colonized with gamma-papillomaviruses. In lesional skin samples, beta-papillomaviruses and MCPyV were the major components of a viral flora more prone to vary over time especially with treatment and subsequent clinical improvement. We believe this method might be further used in extensive studies to further enhance the concept of an individual cutaneous viral fingerprint and the putative role of its alterations through various skin diseases and their treatments.
与共生细菌不同，人类皮肤病毒组是人类皮肤微生物组中一个研究较少的组成部分。我们开发了一种灵敏、定量的检测方法，用于检测皮肤常驻乳头瘤病毒（HPV）和多瘤病毒（HPyV），并首次将其用于描述 2 名特应性皮炎（AD）和银屑病（PSO）患者皮肤表面的这些病毒群。我们在 M0、M1 和 M3 时对 1 名 AD 和 1 名 PSO 患者的皮损和非皮损皮肤进行皮肤拭子取样。提取后，使用原始多重 PCR 技术扩增 DNA，然后对扩增子进行高通量测序（HTS）（命名为 AmpliSeq-HTS）。定量结果最终与先前检测到的病毒的单重定量 PCR（qPCR）进行比较，两者具有显著相关性（R2 = 0.95，ρ = 0.75）。在 AD 和 PSO 患者的皮肤中分别检测到 15 种和 13 种 HPV 型（主要为γ和β-HPV）或 HPyV 种（主要为 Merkel 细胞多瘤病毒（MCPyV））。在这两种患者中，病毒菌群的组成在不同的体表部位是可变的，但在非皮损皮肤样本中随时间保持稳定，主要定植于γ-乳头瘤病毒。在皮损皮肤样本中，β-乳头瘤病毒和 MCPyV 是病毒菌群的主要组成部分，其随时间的变化更大，特别是在治疗和随后的临床改善后。我们相信这种方法可以进一步用于广泛的研究，以进一步增强个体皮肤病毒指纹的概念及其在各种皮肤病及其治疗过程中变化的潜在作用。
