Health Economics Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Department of Health Services Research & Policy, Research School of Population Health, College of Health & Medicine, The Australian National University, 63A Eggleston Road, Acton ACT, 2601, Australia.
Soc Sci Med. 2024 May;348:116832. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116832. Epub 2024 Mar 28.
Increasing the contribution of pharmacists to primary care has been long discussed, particularly in the context of health workforce shortages and the push to better integrate all providers across primary care. This study examines the employment preferences of Australian pharmacy degree holders (PDHs) elicited through a discrete choice experiment (DCE), to better understand the drivers of current labour force choices. A labelled DCE was developed incorporating the six employment sectors: hospital pharmacy, community pharmacy, primary healthcare settings, pharmaceutical industry, government/academia, and non-pharmacy-related sector. Each alternative was described by five attributes using Herzberg's Two Factor Theory as a conceptual framework. They include motivators - role and career opportunities, and hygiene factors-flexible work schedule, geographic location, and salary. Unforced choice data were analysed using conditional logit and mixed logit models. Based on a sample of 678 PDHs in Australia, our findings indicated pharmaceutical industry is the least preferred sector, followed by non-pharmacy-related sector. Motivators in the form of role and career opportunities are the most important attributes in hospital pharmacy while hygiene factors - geographic location and salary significantly drive the choice of community pharmacy and primary care settings. We provided evidence of a willingness to adopt expanded roles in community pharmacy. This unique interpretation of the key drivers of employment preference in light of motivators and hygiene factors provides policy makers with important information when designing policies to attract and retain PDHs across employment sectors.
增加药剂师在初级保健中的贡献一直是人们讨论的焦点，特别是在卫生人力短缺和推动更好地整合初级保健所有提供者的背景下。本研究通过离散选择实验（DCE）考察了澳大利亚药学学位持有者（PDH）的就业偏好，以更好地了解当前劳动力选择的驱动因素。开发了一个带有标签的 DCE，其中包含六个就业部门：医院药房、社区药房、初级保健机构、制药业、政府/学术界和非药房相关部门。每个替代方案都使用 Herzberg 的双因素理论作为概念框架，通过五个属性进行描述。它们包括激励因素 - 角色和职业机会，以及卫生因素 - 灵活的工作时间表、地理位置和工资。使用条件逻辑和混合逻辑模型对非强制性选择数据进行了分析。基于澳大利亚 678 名 PDH 的样本，我们的研究结果表明，制药业是最不受欢迎的部门，其次是非药房相关部门。医院药房中以角色和职业机会形式出现的激励因素是最重要的属性，而卫生因素 - 地理位置和工资则显著影响社区药房和初级保健机构的选择。我们提供了愿意在社区药房中采用扩展角色的证据。鉴于激励因素和卫生因素，这种对就业偏好关键驱动因素的独特解释为政策制定者在制定吸引和留住 PDH 在各就业部门的政策时提供了重要信息。
