Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Department of Psychology Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 May 15;470:134161. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134161. Epub 2024 Mar 28.
Exposure to PM has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, with limited understanding of constituent-specific contributions.
To explore the associations between long-term exposure to PM constituents and neurodegenerative diseases.
We recruited 148,274 individuals aged ≥ 60 from four cities in the Pearl River Delta region, China (2020 to 2021). We calculated twenty-year average air pollutant concentrations (PM mass, black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), ammonium (NH), nitrate (NO) and sulfate (SO)) at the individuals' home addresses. Neurodegenerative diseases were determined by self-reported doctor-diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Generalized linear mixed models were employed to explore associations between pollutants and neurodegenerative disease prevalence.
PM and all five constituents were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of AD and PD. The observed associations generally exhibited a non-linear pattern. For example, compared with the lowest quartile, higher quartiles of BC were associated with greater odds for AD prevalence (i.e., the adjusted odds ratios were 1.81; 95% CI, 1.45-2.27; 1.78; 95% CI, 1.37-2.32; and 1.99; 95% CI, 1.54-2.57 for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively).
Long-term exposure to PM and its constituents, particularly combustion-related BC, OM, and SO, was significantly associated with higher prevalence of AD and PD in Chinese individuals.
PM is a routinely regulated mixture of multiple hazardous constituents that can lead to diverse adverse health outcomes. However, current evidence on the specific contributions of PM constituents to health effects is scarce. This study firstly investigated the association between PM constituents and neurodegenerative diseases in the moderately to highly polluted Pearl River Delta region in China, and identified hazardous constituents within PM that have significant impacts. This study provides important implications for the development of targeted PM prevention and control policies to reduce specific hazardous PM constituents.
已有研究表明，PM 暴露与神经退行性疾病有关，但对于各成分的具体贡献仍知之甚少。
探索 PM 成分与神经退行性疾病之间的关联。
我们招募了来自中国珠江三角洲四个城市的 148274 名年龄≥60 岁的个体（2020 年至 2021 年）。我们计算了个体住址处二十年平均空气污染物浓度（PM 质量、黑碳（BC）、有机物（OM）、铵（NH）、硝酸盐（NO）和硫酸盐（SO））。神经退行性疾病通过自我报告的医生诊断的阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD）确定。采用广义线性混合模型探索污染物与神经退行性疾病患病率之间的关联。
PM 及其所有五种成分均与 AD 和 PD 患病率升高显著相关。观察到的关联通常呈非线性模式。例如，与最低四分位相比，BC 四分位越高，AD 患病率的比值比越高（即第二、三、四分位的调整比值比分别为 1.81（95%CI，1.45-2.27）、1.78（95%CI，1.37-2.32）和 1.99（95%CI，1.54-2.57））。
长期暴露于 PM 及其成分，尤其是与燃烧有关的 BC、OM 和 SO，与中国人群中 AD 和 PD 的患病率升高显著相关。
PM 是多种有害成分的常规监管混合物，可导致多种不良健康后果。然而，目前关于 PM 成分对健康影响的具体贡献的证据很少。本研究首次调查了 PM 成分与中国中度至高度污染的珠江三角洲地区神经退行性疾病之间的关联，并确定了 PM 中对健康有重大影响的有害成分。本研究为制定有针对性的 PM 防控政策以减少特定危险的 PM 成分提供了重要依据。
