Escuela Profesional de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú.
Escuela Profesional de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú.
Front Public Health. 2024 Mar 20;12:1277157. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1277157. eCollection 2024.
In the modern era, the maternal perception of children's nutritional status has emerged as a critical area of study, given its potential influence on nutritional interventions and long-term child health. The relationship between this perception and children's Body Mass Index (BMI) by age is particularly intriguing, as it may reveal discrepancies between perception and reality.
The aim of this study was to evaluate Peruvian mothers' perception of their children's Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to age and to determine how this perception associates with the children's cardiovascular risk. The study also analyzed sociodemographic factors that might influence this perception.
The study included 130 mothers of schoolchildren aged 5 to 11 from a school in Lima. Mothers' perceptions of their children's weight were assessed using pictograms, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected through a questionnaire. Weight and height measurements were taken to calculate BMI, and waist circumference was measured to classify cardiovascular risk.
A total of 57.4% of the schoolchildren presented with excess malnutrition, and 51.5% of the mothers incorrectly classified the actual BMI/Age of their children (kappa 0.11; ≤ 0.05). Additionally, it was found that the schoolchild's age is associated with the mother's failure to accurately perceive her child's weight (OR 1.59). Lastly, there was a significant association between maternal perception and cardiovascular risk ( ≤ 0.05).
There is a significant discrepancy between maternal perception and the actual nutritional status of children, which can increase cardiovascular risk. It is necessary to implement intervention and education strategies targeted at parents to enhance the recognition and management of childhood overweight and obesity.
在现代社会，母亲对儿童营养状况的感知已成为一个重要的研究领域，因为它可能对营养干预和儿童长期健康产生影响。这种感知与儿童按年龄计算的体重指数（BMI）之间的关系特别有趣，因为它可能揭示了感知与现实之间的差异。
本研究旨在评估秘鲁母亲对其子女 BMI 的感知与年龄的关系，并确定这种感知与儿童心血管风险的关联。该研究还分析了可能影响这种感知的社会人口因素。
该研究纳入了来自利马一所学校的 130 名 5 至 11 岁学童的母亲。母亲通过图表评估对子女体重的感知，通过问卷收集社会人口特征。通过测量体重和身高来计算 BMI，并测量腰围来分类心血管风险。
共有 57.4%的学童存在超重营养不良，51.5%的母亲错误地对子女实际 BMI/年龄进行了分类（kappa 0.11； ≤ 0.05）。此外，研究发现学童的年龄与母亲无法准确感知子女体重有关（OR 1.59）。最后，母亲的感知与心血管风险之间存在显著关联（ ≤ 0.05）。
母亲对子女营养状况的感知与实际情况存在显著差异，这可能增加心血管风险。有必要实施针对父母的干预和教育策略，以增强对儿童超重和肥胖的认识和管理。
