Kocaadam-Bozkurt Betül, Sözlü Saniye, Macit-Çelebi Melahat Sedanur
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jan 11;9:1096182. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1096182. eCollection 2022.
Parental behaviors and the home environment are two of the most effective ways to adopt healthy eating and active lifestyles. For this reason, it is crucial to understand children's nutritional habits, analyze the dynamics related to parental factors, diagnose and treat childhood obesity in the early period, and prevent adulthood obesity. This study aimed to explore how parenting influences children's nutritional status, physical activity, and BMI.
The study involved 596 children with their parents. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the survey method. The survey consists of descriptive information (age, gender, educational status), anthropometric measurements, nutritional habits, Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Scale (FNPA), International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and 24-h dietary recall. The Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) was applied to assess dietary adequacy.
Most mothers and fathers were overweight or obese (61.6 and 68.7%, respectively). 38.6% of boys and 23.1% of girls were overweight or obese. The FNPA score was positively correlated with MAR ( < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that children's BMI was negatively correlated with FNPA score, while maternal BMI and father's BMI were positively correlated (p < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary energy was not associated with the child's BMI but with dietary adequacy (p < 0.05). There was no evidence that family impacted children's physical activity.
This study supports that parenting influences children's dietary intake and BMI. Adequate and balanced nutrition, regardless of dietary energy, may affect children's body weight. Family plays a significant role in influencing and forming children's lifestyle-related behaviors. Children's healthy eating and physical exercise habits can be encouraged through school-based programs involving families.
父母的行为和家庭环境是培养健康饮食和积极生活方式的两种最有效的方式。因此，了解儿童的营养习惯、分析与父母因素相关的动态、早期诊断和治疗儿童肥胖症以及预防成年期肥胖症至关重要。本研究旨在探讨育儿方式如何影响儿童的营养状况、身体活动和体重指数。
该研究涉及596名儿童及其父母。数据通过调查法进行面对面访谈收集。该调查包括描述性信息（年龄、性别、教育程度）、人体测量、营养习惯、家庭营养与身体活动量表（FNPA）、国际身体活动问卷以及24小时饮食回顾。采用平均充足率（MAR）来评估饮食充足性。
大多数母亲和父亲超重或肥胖（分别为61.6%和68.7%）。38.6%的男孩和23.1%的女孩超重或肥胖。FNPA得分与MAR呈正相关（<0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示，儿童的体重指数与FNPA得分呈负相关，而母亲的体重指数和父亲的体重指数呈正相关（p<0.05）。此外，饮食能量与儿童的体重指数无关，但与饮食充足性有关（p<0.05）。没有证据表明家庭会影响儿童的身体活动。
本研究支持育儿方式会影响儿童的饮食摄入量和体重指数。无论饮食能量如何，充足且均衡的营养可能会影响儿童的体重。家庭在影响和形成儿童与生活方式相关的行为方面起着重要作用。可以通过涉及家庭的学校项目来鼓励儿童养成健康的饮食和体育锻炼习惯。
