Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2024 Apr 4;19(4):e0301539. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301539. eCollection 2024.
Aberrant reward processing and poor self-regulation have a crucial role in the development of several adverse outcomes in youth, including mental health disorders and risky behaviours. This scoping review aims to map and summarise the evidence for links between aspects and measures of reward processing and self-regulation among children and adolescents in the general population. Specifically, it examined the direct associations between self-regulation (emotional or cognitive regulation) and reward processing. Studies were included if participants were <18 years and representative of the general population. Quantitative measures were used for self-regulation, and gambling tasks were used for reward processing. Of the eighteen studies included only two were longitudinal. Overall, the direction of the significant relationships identified depended on the gambling task used and the self-regulation aspect explored. Emotional regulation was measured with self-report questionnaires only, and was the aspect with the most significant associations. Conversely, cognitive regulation was mainly assessed with cognitive assessments, and most associations with reward processing were non-significant, particularly when the cognitive regulation aspects included planning and organisational skills. Nonetheless, there was some evidence of associations with attention, cognitive control, and overall executive functioning. More longitudinal research is needed to draw accurate conclusions on the direction of the association between self-regulation and reward processing.
异常的奖励处理和自我调节能力差在年轻人的几种不良后果的发展中起着关键作用，包括精神健康障碍和危险行为。本范围综述旨在绘制和总结一般人群中儿童和青少年的奖励处理和自我调节各个方面和测量之间的联系的证据。具体来说，它检查了自我调节（情绪或认知调节）和奖励处理之间的直接关联。如果参与者年龄小于 18 岁且代表一般人群，则纳入研究。定量测量用于自我调节，赌博任务用于奖励处理。在纳入的十八项研究中，只有两项是纵向研究。总体而言，确定的显著关系的方向取决于使用的赌博任务和探索的自我调节方面。情绪调节仅通过自我报告问卷进行测量，并且与最显著的关联。相反，认知调节主要通过认知评估进行评估，并且与奖励处理的大多数关联没有统计学意义，尤其是当认知调节方面包括计划和组织技能时。尽管如此，还是有一些证据表明与注意力、认知控制和整体执行功能有关。需要更多的纵向研究来准确得出自我调节和奖励处理之间关联方向的结论。
