Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; email:
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, USA.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2021 Jan 4;72:319-345. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-061020-105721. Epub 2020 Oct 5.
Self-regulation is a core aspect of human functioning that helps facilitate the successful pursuit of personal goals. There has been a proliferation of theories and models describing different aspects of self-regulation both within and outside of psychology. All of these models provide insights about self-regulation, but sometimes they talk past each other, make only shallow contributions, or make contributions that are underappreciated by scholars working in adjacent areas. The purpose of this article is to integrate across the many different models in order to refine the vast literature on self-regulation. To achieve this objective, we first review some of the more prominent models of self-regulation coming from social psychology, personality psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. We then integrate across these models based on four key elements-level of analysis, conflict, emotion, and cognitive functioning-specifically identifying points of convergence but also points of insufficient emphasis. We close with prescriptions for future research.
自我调节是人类功能的核心方面，有助于成功追求个人目标。已经有大量的理论和模型描述了心理学内外不同方面的自我调节。所有这些模型都提供了关于自我调节的见解，但有时它们会相互忽略，只做出浅显的贡献，或者做出被相邻领域的学者所忽视的贡献。本文的目的是整合许多不同的模型，以完善关于自我调节的大量文献。为了实现这一目标，我们首先回顾了来自社会心理学、人格心理学和认知神经科学的一些更突出的自我调节模型。然后，我们基于四个关键要素——分析水平、冲突、情绪和认知功能——整合了这些模型，具体确定了趋同点，但也指出了重视不够的地方。最后，我们对未来的研究提出了建议。
