Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
J Urban Health. 2024 Apr;101(2):308-317. doi: 10.1007/s11524-024-00847-x. Epub 2024 Apr 4.
Common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety are prevalent globally, and rates are especially high in New York City (NYC) since the COVID-19 pandemic. Neighborhood social and physical environments have been found to influence mental health. We investigated the impact of neighborhood social cohesion and neighborhood rodent sightings (as an indicator of neighborhood cleanliness) on nonspecific serious psychological distress (NSPD) status using 2020 NYC Community Health Survey data from 8781 NYC residents. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationships among social cohesion, rodent sightings, and NSPD adjusted for confounders and complex sampling and weighted to the NYC population. Effect measure modification of rodent sightings on the effect of social cohesion on NSPD was evaluated on the multiplicative scale by adding the interaction term to the multivariable model and, if significant, stratifying on the effect modifier, and on the additive scale using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Social cohesion was found to decrease the odds of NSPD, and rodent sightings were found to increase the odds of NSPD. We found significant evidence of effect measure modification on the multiplicative scale. In the stratified models, there was a protective effect of social cohesion against NSPD among those not reporting rodent sightings, but no effect among those reporting rodent sightings. Our findings suggest that both neighborhood social cohesion and rodent sightings impact the mental health of New Yorkers and that rodent infestations may diminish the benefit of neighborhood social cohesion.
常见的精神障碍，如抑郁和焦虑，在全球范围内普遍存在，而在新冠疫情大流行之后，纽约市（NYC）的发病率尤其高。研究发现，邻里社会和物理环境会影响心理健康。我们使用 2020 年来自 8781 名纽约市居民的纽约市社区健康调查数据，调查了邻里社会凝聚力和邻里啮齿动物目击（作为邻里清洁度的指标）对非特定严重心理困扰（NSPD）状况的影响。多变量逻辑回归用于评估社会凝聚力、啮齿动物目击和 NSPD 之间的关系，调整混杂因素和复杂抽样，并对纽约市人口进行加权。通过向多变量模型添加交互项来评估啮齿动物目击对社会凝聚力对 NSPD 的影响的效量修正，并在效应修饰剂上分层，如果显著，则在加性尺度上使用交互引起的相对超额风险（RERI）。研究发现社会凝聚力降低了 NSPD 的几率，而啮齿动物目击增加了 NSPD 的几率。我们在乘法尺度上发现了效量修正的显著证据。在分层模型中，对于没有报告啮齿动物目击的人，社会凝聚力对 NSPD 具有保护作用，但对于报告啮齿动物目击的人则没有影响。我们的研究结果表明，邻里社会凝聚力和啮齿动物目击都影响纽约人的心理健康，而啮齿动物侵扰可能会降低邻里社会凝聚力的益处。
