Mentzel Hans-Joachim
Sektion Kinderradiologie, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena. Am Klinikum 1., 07747, Jena, Deutschland.
Radiologie (Heidelb). 2024 May;64(5):373-381. doi: 10.1007/s00117-024-01288-y. Epub 2024 Apr 4.
Congenital anomalies of the urogenital tract are common, whereas isolated developmental disorders of the genital organs are rare and varied. The type and timing of imaging to characterize these developmental disorders and the planning of any treatment are the subject of discussion. The aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of embryology, diagnostic procedures, and examples of findings.
The primary procedure for imaging the genitals is sonography, which must be performed with appropriate empathy. In addition to the genitals, the general situation of the kidneys and urinary tract should be examined, as urogenital malformations are often combined. Dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is indicated as advanced imaging in interdisciplinary consultations. Invasive procedures, such as genitography combined with micturition cystourethrography (MCU) using X‑rays or contrast-enhanced sonography, are rarely required. Computed tomography (CT) or excretory urography play no role.
Imaging plays an important role in the assessment of genital anomalies. Knowledge of embryology facilitates anatomical understanding and the assessment of pathologies.
泌尿生殖道先天性异常很常见，而孤立的生殖器官发育障碍则罕见且多样。用于表征这些发育障碍的影像学类型和时机以及任何治疗方案的规划都是讨论的主题。本文旨在简要概述胚胎学、诊断程序及检查结果示例。
生殖器成像的主要检查方法是超声检查，检查时必须给予适当的关怀。除了生殖器外，还应检查肾脏和尿路的总体情况，因为泌尿生殖系统畸形常常合并存在。在多学科会诊中，专用磁共振成像（MRI）作为高级成像手段。很少需要采用侵入性检查，如使用X射线的生殖器官造影联合排尿性膀胱尿道造影（MCU）或超声造影。计算机断层扫描（CT）或排泄性尿路造影不起作用。
影像学在生殖器异常评估中起着重要作用。胚胎学知识有助于解剖学理解和病理学评估。
