过头投掷运动员在抬高和旋转运动过程中上肢与核心部位的肌肉激活情况
Muscle Activations of the Upper Extremity and Core during Elevation and Rotational Movements in Overhead Throwing Athletes.
作者信息
Owens Liam P, Khaiyat Omid, Coyles Ginny
机构信息
School of Health and Sport Sciences Liverpool Hope University.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2024 Apr 1;19(4):466-476. doi: 10.26603/001c.94604. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
A strong body of literature has been published outlining muscle activity differences during sports performance in groups of overhead athletes. However, there are limited studies that have directly compared the muscle activity in overhead athletes with and without history of shoulder injury during functional everyday tasks.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to identify muscle activities across fourteen upper extremity and core muscles during three functional everyday movements in athletes with and without history of shoulder injury.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-Sectional Study.
METHODS
Thirty-two male overhead throwing athletes (fifteen healthy and seventeen injured) were recruited and completed three everyday functional movements of high elevation, low elevation, and rotation, using their dominant arm to move an object between two fixed positions. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded for fourteen muscles including: biceps brachii, deltoids (anterior, medial, and posterior), trapezius (upper and lower), pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, infraspinatus, external obliques, and gluteus maximus (all surface electrodes) and supraspinatus (fine wire electrode). Mixed model repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc analysis assessed mean muscle activity (%MVC) between groups and each movement phase.
RESULTS
Upper trapezius elicited higher mean activity in healthy athletes during both phases of the arm rotation task (p < 0.05). No differences between groups were evident for arm elevation tasks. Qualitative analysis of muscle patterns during functional tasks reflected a temporal shift in muscle activation timings and magnitudes between athlete groups, suggesting potential compensatory mechanisms in injured athletes.
CONCLUSION
Injured overhead athletes appear to utilize other upper limb and shoulder girdle muscles to compensate for lower upper trapezius activity during functional everyday tasks.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
背景
已有大量文献发表，概述了上肢运动项目运动员在运动表现过程中的肌肉活动差异。然而，直接比较有和没有肩部损伤史的上肢运动项目运动员在日常功能任务中的肌肉活动的研究有限。
目的
本研究旨在确定有和没有肩部损伤史的运动员在三项日常功能运动中，十四块上肢和核心肌肉的活动情况。
研究设计
横断面研究。
方法
招募了32名男性上肢投掷运动员（15名健康运动员和17名受伤运动员），他们用优势手臂在两个固定位置之间移动一个物体，完成高抬、低抬和旋转这三项日常功能运动。记录了十四块肌肉的肌电图（EMG），包括：肱二头肌、三角肌（前、中、后）、斜方肌（上、下）、胸大肌、背阔肌、前锯肌、冈下肌、腹外斜肌和臀大肌（均为表面电极）以及冈上肌（细线电极）。混合模型重复测量方差分析和事后分析评估了组间以及每个运动阶段的平均肌肉活动（%MVC）。
结果
在手臂旋转任务的两个阶段，健康运动员的上斜方肌平均活动更高（p＜0.05）。手臂抬高任务组间无明显差异。对功能任务期间肌肉模式的定性分析反映了运动员组之间肌肉激活时间和幅度的时间变化，表明受伤运动员存在潜在的代偿机制。
结论
受伤的上肢运动项目运动员在日常功能任务中似乎利用其他上肢和肩带肌肉来代偿上斜方肌活动的降低。
证据水平
3级。
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