随着运动员反复单脚跳，股四头肌和腘绳肌的激活峰值出现得更早，但根据前交叉韧带重建技术的不同存在差异。
Quadriceps and Hamstrings Activation Peaks Earlier as Athletes Repeatedly Hop, but There are Differences Depending on ACL Reconstruction Technique.
作者信息
Einarsson Einar, Barbosa Olivia, Gislason Magnus Kjartan, Briem Kristin, Kotsifaki Argyro, Whiteley Rodney
机构信息
School of Engineering University of Reykjavik.
Rehabilitation Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2024 Apr 1;19(4):418-428. doi: 10.26603/001c.94610. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) athletes face the challenge of regaining their previous competitive level while avoiding re-injury and early knee joint cartilage degeneration. Quadriceps and hamstrings strength reductions and neuromuscular alterations potentially related to risk of re-injury are present after ACLR and relate to deficits in muscle activation.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional laboratory study.
PURPOSE
To examine quadriceps and hamstrings muscle activation during repeated hops in healthy pivoting-sport athletes and those who had undergone ACLR (bone-tendon-bone and semitendinosus graft) who had met functional criteria allowing return to training.
METHODS
Surface electromyography (SEMG) was recorded from vastus medialis and lateralis and medial and lateral hamstrings bilaterally during 30 seconds' repeated hopping in male athletes on average eight months after ACLR surgery (5-12 months). All patients underwent hamstring (HS) (n=24) or bone-tendon-bone (BTB) reconstruction (n=20) and were compared to healthy controls (n=31). The SEMG signals were normalized to those obtained during maximal voluntary isometric contraction.
RESULTS
A significant time shift in peak muscle activation (earlier) was seen for: vastus medialis and vastus lateralis activation in the control group, in the BTB group's healthy (but not injured) leg and both legs of the HS group. A significant time shift in peak muscle activation was seen for lateral hamstrings (earlier) in all but the BTB group's injured leg and the medial hamstrings in the control group only. Lower peak activation levels of the vastus lateralis (p<0.001) and vastus medialis (p<0.001) were observed in the injured compared to healthy legs and lower peak lateral hamstrings activity (p<0.009) in the injured leg compared to control leg. Decline in medial hamstring peak activation (p<0.022) was observed between 1 and 3 phase of the hop cycle in all groups.
CONCLUSION
Repeated hop testing revealed quadriceps and hamstring activation differences within ACLR athletes, and compared to healthy controls, that would be missed with single hop tests.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
背景
前交叉韧带重建（ACLR）后，运动员面临着恢复到之前竞技水平的挑战，同时要避免再次受伤和早期膝关节软骨退变。ACLR后存在股四头肌和腘绳肌力量下降以及可能与再次受伤风险相关的神经肌肉改变，这与肌肉激活不足有关。
设计
横断面实验室研究。
目的
研究健康的旋转运动项目运动员以及符合功能标准允许恢复训练的ACLR（骨-肌腱-骨和半腱肌移植）运动员在重复单脚跳过程中股四头肌和腘绳肌的肌肉激活情况。
方法
在平均ACLR手术后8个月（5 - 12个月）的男性运动员进行30秒重复单脚跳期间，双侧记录股内侧肌、股外侧肌以及内侧和外侧腘绳肌的表面肌电图（SEMG）。所有患者均接受了腘绳肌（HS）重建（n = 24）或骨-肌腱-骨（BTB）重建（n = 20），并与健康对照组（n = 31）进行比较。SEMG信号以最大自主等长收缩期间获得的信号进行标准化。
结果
在以下情况中观察到肌肉激活峰值出现显著的时间偏移（更早）：对照组、BTB组健康（但未受伤）腿以及HS组双腿的股内侧肌和股外侧肌激活；除BTB组受伤腿外的所有情况中，外侧腘绳肌（更早）出现肌肉激活峰值时间偏移，仅在对照组中内侧腘绳肌出现该情况。与健康腿相比，受伤腿的股外侧肌（p < 0.001）和股内侧肌（p < 0.001）峰值激活水平较低，与对照腿相比，受伤腿的外侧腘绳肌峰值活动较低（p < 0.009）。在所有组的单脚跳周期1至3阶段观察到内侧腘绳肌峰值激活下降（p < 0.022）。
结论
重复单脚跳测试揭示了ACLR运动员与健康对照组相比，股四头肌和腘绳肌激活存在差异，而单次单脚跳测试会遗漏这些差异。
证据水平
3级。
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