贝宁成年人头痛的患病率及其人口统计学关联：一项基于横断面人群的研究。
The prevalence and demographic associations of headache in the adult population of Benin: a cross-sectional population-based study.
机构信息
Department of Neurology, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin.
Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NorHEAD, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Edvard Griegs gate, Trondheim, Norway.
出版信息
J Headache Pain. 2024 Apr 5;25(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s10194-024-01760-z.
BACKGROUND
The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is increasingly well informed with regard to headache disorders, but sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains one of the large regions of the world with limited data directly derived from population-based studies. The Global Campaign against Headache has conducted three studies in this region: Ethiopia in the east, Zambia in the south and Cameroon in Central SSA. Here we report a similar study in Benin, the first from West SSA.
METHODS
We used the same methods and questionnaire, applying cluster-randomized sampling in three regions of the country, randomly selecting households in each region, visiting these unannounced and randomly selecting one adult member (aged 18-65 years) of each household. The HARDSHIP structured questionnaire, translated into Central African French, was administered face-to-face by trained interviewers. Demographic enquiry was followed by diagnostic questions based on ICHD-3 criteria.
RESULTS
From 2,550 households with eligible members, we recruited 2,400 participants (participating proportion 94.1%). Headache ever was reported by almost all (95.2%), this being the lifetime prevalence. Headache in the last year was reported by 74.9%. Age-, gender- and habitation-adjusted estimates of 1-year prevalence were 72.9% for all headache, 21.2% for migraine (including definite and probable), 43.1% for TTH (also including definite and probable), 4.5% for probable medication-overuse (pMOH) and 3.1% for other headache on ≥ 15 days/month. One-day (point) prevalence of headache was 14.8% according to reported headache on the day preceding interview.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, these findings are evidence that headache disorders are very common in Benin, a low-income country. The prevalence of pMOH, well above the estimated global mean of 1-2%, is evidence that poverty is not a bar to medication overuse. The findings are very much the same as those in a similar study in its near neighbour, Cameroon. With regard to migraine, they are reasonably in accord with two of three earlier studies in selected Beninese populations, which did not take account of probable migraine. This study adds to the hitherto limited knowledge of headache in SSA.
背景
全球疾病负担（GBD）研究在头痛障碍方面的信息越来越丰富，但撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）仍然是世界上数据有限的主要地区之一，这些数据主要直接来自基于人群的研究。全球头痛防治运动在该地区进行了三项研究：东部的埃塞俄比亚、南部的赞比亚和中部 SSA 的喀麦隆。在这里，我们报告了在贝宁进行的一项类似研究，这是来自西非 SSA 的第一项研究。
方法
我们使用相同的方法和问卷，在该国的三个地区采用集群随机抽样，在每个地区随机选择家庭，不事先通知，然后随机选择每个家庭的一名成年成员（年龄在 18-65 岁之间）。经过中央非洲法语翻译的 HARDSHIP 结构化问卷由经过培训的访谈员进行面对面访谈。在进行人口调查后，根据 ICHD-3 标准提出诊断问题。
结果
在有合格成员的 2550 个家庭中，我们招募了 2400 名参与者（参与率为 94.1%）。几乎所有人都报告了头痛（95.2%），这是终身患病率。过去一年头痛的报告率为 74.9%。年龄、性别和居住地调整后的 1 年患病率估计值为：所有头痛 72.9%、偏头痛（包括确诊和可能）21.2%、TTH（包括确诊和可能）43.1%、可能药物过度使用（pMOH）4.5%和其他每月头痛≥15 天/月的头痛 3.1%。根据访谈前一天报告的头痛，1 天（点）患病率为 14.8%。
结论
总体而言，这些发现表明头痛障碍在贝宁这个低收入国家非常普遍。pMOH 的患病率远高于全球估计的 1-2%，这表明贫困并不是药物过度使用的障碍。这些发现与邻国喀麦隆的类似研究非常相似。关于偏头痛，它们与之前在贝宁选定人群中进行的三项研究中的两项相当，这两项研究都没有考虑可能的偏头痛。这项研究增加了对 SSA 头痛的了解。
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