NRC Research Associateship Program, Seattle, WA, USA.
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA.
Nat Commun. 2024 Apr 6;15(1):2990. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46807-6.
The formation of extracellular DNA traps (ETosis) is a first response mechanism by specific immune cells following exposure to microbes. Initially characterized in vertebrate neutrophils, cells capable of ETosis have been discovered recently in diverse non-vertebrate taxa. To assess the conservation of ETosis between evolutionarily distant non-vertebrate phyla, we observed and quantified ETosis using the model ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Here we report that ctenophores - thought to have diverged very early from the metazoan stem lineage - possess immune-like cells capable of phagocytosis and ETosis. We demonstrate that both Mnemiopsis and Crassostrea immune cells undergo ETosis after exposure to diverse microbes and chemical agents that stimulate ion flux. We thus propose that ETosis is an evolutionarily conserved metazoan defense against pathogens.
细胞外 DNA 陷阱（ETosis）的形成是特定免疫细胞在暴露于微生物后产生的一种初始反应机制。最初在脊椎动物中性粒细胞中被描述，最近在不同的非脊椎动物类群中发现了具有 ETosis 能力的细胞。为了评估 ETosis 在进化上相距甚远的非脊椎动物门之间的保守性，我们使用模式栉水母 Mnemiopsis leidyi 和牡蛎 Crassostrea gigas 观察和量化了 ETosis。在这里，我们报告说，栉水母 - 被认为是很早就从后生动物主干线分化出来的 - 拥有能够吞噬和 ETosis 的免疫样细胞。我们证明，Mnemiopsis 和牡蛎的免疫细胞在暴露于刺激离子流的各种微生物和化学试剂后都会发生 ETosis。因此，我们提出 ETosis 是一种进化上保守的后生动物防御病原体的机制。
