Balasubramaniam Muggunna, Sapuan Sarah, Hashim Ilie Fadzilah, Ismail Nurul Izza, Yaakop Amira Suriaty, Kamaruzaman Nur Azzalia, Ahmad Mokhtar Ana Masara
Small G protein Research Group, Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
Heliyon. 2024 Mar 21;10(7):e28261. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28261. eCollection 2024 Apr 15.
Herbal treatments have been utilized for millennia to cure a variety of ailments. There are over 20, 000 herbal remedies available to treat cancer and other disease in humans. In Ayurveda, traditional plants having revitalizing and nourishing characteristics are known as "Rasayanas." They have anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-microbicidal, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects on the immune system. Immunomodulation is a mechanism through which the body stimulates, suppresses, or boosts the immune system to maintain homeostasis. Plant-derived immunomodulators are typically phytocompounds, including carbohydrates, phenolics, lipids, alkaloids, terpenoids, organosulfur, and nitrogen-containing chemicals. Immunomodulation activity of phytocompounds from traditional plants is primarily mediated through macrophage activation, phagocytosis stimulation, peritoneal macrophage stimulation, lymphoid cell stimulation, and suppression or enhancement of specific and non-specific cellular immune systems via numerous signalling pathways. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanism of immunomodulation of most traditional plants has not yet been fully elucidated, justifying the need for further experimentation. Therefore, this review describes the immunomodulatory agents from traditional plants such as L., C.A. Meyer, and Lam, further highlighting the common molecular targets and immunomodulatory mechanism involved in eradicating diseases.
草药治疗已被使用了数千年，用于治疗各种疾病。有超过20000种草药可用于治疗人类的癌症和其他疾病。在阿育吠陀医学中，具有 revitalizing 和滋养特性的传统植物被称为“Rasayanas”。它们对免疫系统具有抗炎、抗癌、抗微生物、抗病毒和免疫调节作用。免疫调节是身体刺激、抑制或增强免疫系统以维持体内平衡的一种机制。植物来源的免疫调节剂通常是植物化合物，包括碳水化合物、酚类、脂质、生物碱、萜类、有机硫和含氮化学物质。传统植物中植物化合物的免疫调节活性主要通过巨噬细胞激活、吞噬作用刺激、腹膜巨噬细胞刺激、淋巴细胞刺激以及通过多种信号通路抑制或增强特异性和非特异性细胞免疫系统来介导。尽管进行了广泛的研究，但大多数传统植物免疫调节的确切机制尚未完全阐明，这证明有必要进行进一步的实验。因此，本综述描述了来自传统植物如L.、C.A. Meyer和Lam的免疫调节因子，进一步突出了根除疾病所涉及的常见分子靶点和免疫调节机制。
