Rodríguez-Durán Arlex, Andrade-Silva Vinícius, Numan Muhammad, Waldman Jéssica, Ali Abid, Logullo Carlos, da Silva Vaz Junior Itabajara, Parizi Luís Fernando
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil.
Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil.
Microorganisms. 2025 Mar 31;13(4):795. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13040795.
The advancement of multi-omics technologies is crucial to deepen knowledge on tick biology. These approaches, used to study diverse phenomena, are applied to experiments that aim to understand changes in gene transcription, protein function, cellular processes, and prediction of systems at global biological levels. This review addressed the application of omics data to investigate and elucidate tick physiological processes, such as feeding, digestion, reproduction, neuronal, endocrine systems, understanding population dynamics, transmitted pathogens, control, and identifying new vaccine targets. Furthermore, new therapeutic perspectives using tick bioactive molecules, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antitumor, were summarized. Taken together, the application of omics technologies can help to understand the protein functions and biological behavior of ticks, as well as the identification of potential new antigens influencing the development of alternative control strategies and, consequently, the tick-borne disease prevention in veterinary and public health contexts. Finally, tick population dynamics have been determined through a combination of environmental factors, host availability, and genetic adaptations, and recent advances in omics technologies have improved our understanding of their ecological resilience and resistance mechanisms. Future directions point to the integration of spatial omics and artificial intelligence to further unravel tick biology and improve control strategies.
多组学技术的进步对于深化对蜱生物学的认识至关重要。这些用于研究各种现象的方法被应用于旨在了解基因转录变化、蛋白质功能、细胞过程以及在全球生物学水平上预测系统的实验。本综述阐述了组学数据在研究和阐明蜱生理过程中的应用，如进食、消化、繁殖、神经和内分泌系统，了解种群动态、传播的病原体、控制方法以及确定新的疫苗靶点。此外，还总结了利用蜱生物活性分子（如抗炎、止痛和抗肿瘤分子）的新治疗前景。总体而言，组学技术的应用有助于了解蜱的蛋白质功能和生物学行为，以及识别影响替代控制策略发展的潜在新抗原，从而在兽医和公共卫生背景下预防蜱传疾病。最后，蜱的种群动态已通过环境因素、宿主可利用性和遗传适应性的综合作用得以确定，组学技术的最新进展增进了我们对其生态适应力和抗性机制的理解。未来的方向指向空间组学与人工智能的整合，以进一步揭示蜱生物学并改进控制策略。
