University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Child Dev. 2024 Sep-Oct;95(5):1616-1627. doi: 10.1111/cdev.14098. Epub 2024 Apr 8.
Can the experience of disagreement lead young children to reason in more sophisticated ways? Across two preregistered studies, four- to six-year-old US children (N = 136, 50% female, mixed ethnicities, data collected 2020-2022) experienced either a disagreement or an agreement with a confederate about a causal mechanism after being presented with ambiguous evidence. We measured (1) children's confidence in their belief before and after the (dis)agreement, and (2) how long children searched for information about the correct answer. Disagreement, especially with an expert (Experiment 2), reduced overconfidence and prompted children to search longer for information, compared to agreement. Together, our findings suggest possibilities for interventions aimed at fostering humility and learning across the lifespan.
不一致的经验能否促使幼儿以更复杂的方式进行推理？在两项预先注册的研究中，来自美国的 4 至 6 岁儿童（N=136，女性占 50%，混合种族，数据收集于 2020 年至 2022 年）在看到模棱两可的证据后，要么与一个同谋就一个因果机制产生分歧，要么达成一致。我们测量了（1）儿童在（分歧）前后对其信念的信心，以及（2）儿童寻找正确答案信息的时间。与一致相比，分歧，尤其是与专家的分歧（实验 2）降低了过度自信，并促使儿童花更长时间寻找信息。总的来说，我们的发现为跨生命周期培养谦逊和学习能力的干预措施提供了可能性。
