Kishi Anthony, Millet Guillaume Y, Desplan Matthieu, Lemarchand Bruno, Bouscaren Nicolas
Unité Fonctionnelle de Médecine du Sport, CHU de la Réunion, Site Hôpital de Saint-Pierre, BP 350, Saint-Pierre, 97448, France.
Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, 7424, F-42023, EA, France.
Sports Med Open. 2024 Apr 8;10(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s40798-024-00704-w.
Sleep and physical performance are strongly related and mutually influence each other. Athletes, particularly in disciplines like offshore sailing and ultra-endurance sports, often suffer from sleep deprivation due to factors like irregular training times, travel, and the extended duration of events like 100-mile mountain races. Despite growing interest in sleep's role in sports science, few studies have specifically investigated the sleep patterns of ultramarathon runners. This study aimed to investigate sleep patterns and sleep management strategies in ultramarathons, and the repercussions of sleep deprivation during and after races.
This cross-sectional study using e-survey was conducted on 1154 runners from two ultramarathons (a 165 km race with 9,576 m positive elevation; 2018 finish time [23:18:48-66:04:00], and a 111 km race with 6,433 m elevation; [15:34:56 - 41:54:16]).
The results revealed that 58% of the runners reported implementing sleep management strategies before or during the race. Most runners began the race with some level of sleep debt (-50 min a week before the race). During the races, 77% of runners slept, with the cumulative sleep duration varying based on race duration and the number of nights spent on the race (76 min at 165 km and 27 min at 111 km). Short naps lasting less than 30 min were the most popular strategy. The prevalence of symptoms attributed to sleep deprivation during the race was high (80%), with reported falls and hallucinations. After the race, runners reported recovering a normal state of wakefulness relatively quickly (within two days); 22% believed that sleep deprivation during the race increased the risk of accidents in everyday life.
This study provides valuable insights into sleep patterns and strategies in ultramarathon running and emphasizes the importance of adequate sleep management for performance and post-race recovery.
睡眠与身体表现密切相关且相互影响。运动员，尤其是在离岸帆船和超长耐力运动等项目中，由于训练时间不规律、旅行以及像100英里山地赛这类赛事持续时间较长等因素，常常遭受睡眠剥夺。尽管体育科学领域对睡眠的作用兴趣日益浓厚，但很少有研究专门调查超级马拉松跑者的睡眠模式。本研究旨在调查超级马拉松中的睡眠模式和睡眠管理策略，以及比赛期间和赛后睡眠剥夺的影响。
本横断面研究采用电子调查问卷，对来自两场超级马拉松的1154名跑者进行了调查（一场165公里的比赛，正海拔上升9576米；2018年完赛时间[23:18:48 - 66:04:00]，另一场111公里的比赛，海拔上升6433米；[15:34:56 - 41:54:16]）。
结果显示，58%的跑者报告在比赛前或比赛期间实施了睡眠管理策略。大多数跑者在比赛开始时就有一定程度的睡眠债（比赛前一周少睡50分钟）。在比赛期间，77%的跑者睡觉，累计睡眠时间根据比赛时长和在比赛中度过的夜晚数量而有所不同（165公里比赛中为76分钟，111公里比赛中为27分钟）。持续时间少于30分钟的短时间小憩是最受欢迎的策略。比赛期间因睡眠剥夺导致的症状发生率很高（80%），有跌倒和幻觉的报告。赛后，跑者报告相对较快（两天内）恢复到正常清醒状态；22%的人认为比赛期间的睡眠剥夺增加了日常生活中发生事故的风险。
本研究为超级马拉松跑中的睡眠模式和策略提供了有价值的见解，并强调了充足睡眠管理对表现和赛后恢复的重要性。
