Amutova Farida, Delannoy Matthieu, Akhatzhanova Araylym, Akhmetsadykov Nurlan, Konuspayeva Gaukhar, Jurjanz Stefan
URAFPA, University de Lorraine-INRAE, 54000, Nancy, France.
Antigen LLP, Scientific and Production Enterprise 040905, Almaty region, Kazakhstan.
Heliyon. 2024 Mar 26;10(7):e28533. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28533. eCollection 2024 Apr 15.
Government monitoring commonly includes regulating POPs in animal feed and products of animal origin, with many countries setting Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) to ensure safe tolerable concentrations. However, these MRLs do not address the presence of most POP families in soil, where concentrations can be much higher due to the contaminants' strong affinity and persistence in comparison to other environmental matrices. Extensive damage to food and production systems during a pollution incident causing soil contamination by POPs lead to severe economic and social consequences for the affected area. To mitigate these effects, it is crucial to implement necessary measures for consumer protection while also focusing on rehabilitating conditions for food production, tailored to both commercial farms and private holders. In this context, the present work aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing the tolerable concentration of the most cancerogenic legacy POPs in soil for various livestock animals in diverse rearing systems ensuring the safety of food of animal origin. Therefore, we summarize existing knowledge about the risk of POP transfer in different livestock breeding systems via soil exposure, and modeling via a backward calculation from the MRLs the corresponding tolerable quantity of POPs that may be ingested by animals in the considered rearing system. Results of these simulations showed that soil ingestion is a predominant contamination pathway, which is a central factor in the risk assessment of POP exposure on livestock farms, especially in free-range systems. In field conditions of POP exposure, low productive animals may be more susceptible to uptake through soil than high-yielding animals, even if the feed respected MRLs. Results show that PCDD/Fs revealed the lowest security ratio for low productive dairy cows (1.5) compared to high productive ones (52). Laying hens with a productivity of 45% show also as a high sensitivity to POPs exposure via soil ingestion. Indeed, their security ratio for PCDD/Fs, lindane and DDT were 3, 2 and 1, respectively. In perspective, proposed methodology can be adapted for assessing the risk of industrial POPs newly listed in the Stockholm Convention. In practice, it could be useful for food producers to apprehend their own risk of chemical contamination.
政府监管通常包括对动物饲料和动物源性产品中的持久性有机污染物进行管控，许多国家设定了最大残留限量（MRLs）以确保安全的可耐受浓度。然而，这些最大残留限量并未涉及土壤中大多数持久性有机污染物家族的存在情况，由于与其他环境介质相比，这些污染物具有很强的亲和力和持久性，土壤中的浓度可能会高得多。持久性有机污染物造成土壤污染的污染事件期间，食品和生产系统遭受的广泛破坏会给受影响地区带来严重的经济和社会后果。为减轻这些影响，实施必要的消费者保护措施至关重要，同时还要专注于恢复适合商业农场和私人养殖户的食品生产条件。在此背景下，本研究旨在开发并测试一种方法，用于评估不同饲养系统中各种家畜动物土壤中最具致癌性的遗留持久性有机污染物的可耐受浓度，并确保动物源性食品的安全。因此，我们总结了关于不同家畜养殖系统中通过土壤暴露转移持久性有机污染物风险的现有知识，并通过从最大残留限量进行反向计算来模拟所考虑饲养系统中动物可能摄入的相应可耐受持久性有机污染物量。这些模拟结果表明，土壤摄入是主要的污染途径，这是畜牧场持久性有机污染物暴露风险评估的核心因素，尤其是在自由放养系统中。在持久性有机污染物暴露的田间条件下，低产动物可能比高产动物更容易通过土壤摄取污染物，即使饲料符合最大残留限量。结果表明，与高产奶牛（安全系数为52）相比，低产奶牛的二噁英/呋喃的安全系数最低（为1.5）。产蛋率为45%的母鸡对通过土壤摄入持久性有机污染物也表现出高敏感性。事实上，它们对于二噁英/呋喃、林丹和滴滴涕的安全系数分别为3、
