School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Apr;31(20):29916-29929. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33164-6. Epub 2024 Apr 10.
To elucidate the effects of long-term (20 years) afforestation with different woody plant species on the soil microenvironment in coal gangue polymetallic contaminated areas. This study analyzed the soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, soil ionophore, bacterial community structure, soil metabolite, and their interaction relationships at different vertical depths. Urease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase activities in the shallow soil layers increased by 4.70-7.45, 3.83-7.64, and 3.27-4.85 times, respectively, after the restoration by the four arboreal plant species compared to the plant-free control soil. Additionally, it reduced the content of available elements in the soil and alleviated the toxicity stress for Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, As, Fe, Cu, U, and Pb. After the long-term restoration of arboreal plants, the richness and Shannon indices of soil bacteria significantly increased by 4.77-23.81% and 2.93-7.93%, respectively, broadening the bacterial ecological niche. The bacterial community structure shaped by different arboreal plants exhibited high similarity, but the community similarity decreased with increasing vertical depth. Soils Zn, U, Sr, S, P, Mg, K, Fe, Cu, Ca, Ba, and pH were identified as important influencing factors for the community structure of Sphingomonas, Pseudarthrobacter, Nocardioides, and Thiobacillus. The metabolites such as sucrose, raffinose, L-valine, D-fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate, and oxoglutaric acid were found to have the greatest effect on the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soils for arboreal plants. The results of the study demonstrated that long-term planting for woody plants in gangue dumps could regulate microbial abundance and symbiotic patterns through the accumulation of rhizosphere metabolites in the soil, increase soil enzyme activity, reduce heavy metal levels, and improve the soil environment in coal gangue dumps.
为了阐明不同木本植物物种长期（20 年）造林对煤矿矸石山多金属污染区土壤微环境的影响。本研究分析了不同垂直深度的土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、土壤离子载体、细菌群落结构、土壤代谢物及其相互关系。与无植物对照土壤相比，四种木本植物恢复后，浅层土壤的脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性分别增加了 4.70-7.45、3.83-7.64 和 3.27-4.85 倍。此外，它降低了土壤中有效元素的含量，缓解了 Cd、Ni、Co、Cr、As、Fe、Cu、U 和 Pb 的毒性胁迫。在木本植物长期恢复后，土壤细菌的丰富度和 Shannon 指数分别显著增加了 4.77-23.81%和 2.93-7.93%，拓宽了细菌生态位。不同木本植物塑造的细菌群落结构具有很高的相似性，但随着垂直深度的增加，群落相似性降低。土壤 Zn、U、Sr、S、P、Mg、K、Fe、Cu、Ca、Ba 和 pH 被确定为 Sphingomonas、Pseudarthrobacter、Nocardioides 和 Thiobacillus 群落结构的重要影响因素。在木本植物根际土壤中，蔗糖、棉子糖、L-缬氨酸、D-果糖 2,6-二磷酸和草酰乙酸等代谢物对细菌群落的影响最大。研究结果表明，长期在矸石山种植木本植物可以通过土壤中根际代谢物的积累来调节微生物丰度和共生模式，增加土壤酶活性，降低重金属水平，改善煤矿矸石山的土壤环境。
