Bai Guanhua, Zhang Mingjie
School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518036, China.
Oxf Open Neurosci. 2022 May 4;1:kvac003. doi: 10.1093/oons/kvac003. eCollection 2022.
To faithfully transmit and decode signals released from presynaptic termini, postsynaptic compartments of neuronal synapses deploy hundreds of various proteins. In addition to distinct sets of proteins, excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic apparatuses display very different organization features and regulatory properties. Decades of extensive studies have generated a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition, assembly architecture and activity-dependent regulatory mechanisms of excitatory postsynaptic compartments. In comparison, our understanding of the inhibitory postsynaptic apparatus trails behind. Recent studies have demonstrated that phase separation is a new paradigm underlying the formation and plasticity of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic molecular assemblies. In this review, we discuss molecular composition, organizational and regulatory features of inhibitory postsynaptic densities through the lens of the phase separation concept and in comparison with the excitatory postsynaptic densities.
为了忠实地传递和解码从突触前终末释放的信号，神经元突触的突触后区室部署了数百种不同的蛋白质。除了不同的蛋白质组外，兴奋性和抑制性突触后装置还表现出非常不同的组织特征和调节特性。数十年来的广泛研究已经产生了关于兴奋性突触后区室的分子组成、组装结构和活性依赖性调节机制的丰富知识。相比之下，我们对抑制性突触后装置的了解则较为滞后。最近的研究表明，相分离是兴奋性和抑制性突触后分子组装形成和可塑性的新范式。在这篇综述中，我们通过相分离概念的视角并与兴奋性突触后致密物进行比较，讨论抑制性突触后致密物的分子组成、组织和调节特征。
