Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.
Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Dermatology. 2024;240(4):543-552. doi: 10.1159/000538802. Epub 2024 Apr 10.
Pilomatrixoma is a benign skin neoplasm that is common in children and is often misdiagnosed. This study aimed to summarize the clinical and pathological features of pilomatrixoma in children.
Data on demographic information, clinical and pathological features, diagnosis, and treatment of 171 patients with pilomatrixoma from Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively.
The mean age of the patients was 5.7 (standard deviation [SD] = 3.9) years old, and there were 2 age peaks (≤1 year old, 5-11 years old) and 2 age valleys (2-4 years old, ≥12 years old). The mean disease course was 9.3 (SD = 14.1) months, 69.0%, 86.5%, and 95.3% of the patients' disease course in 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months, respectively. The mean tumor volume was 0.6 (SD = 1.0) cm3, and 81.3% of the patients' tumor volume ≤1.0 cm3. Tumors were distributed sequentially in the head and neck (77.2%), upper limbs (12.9%), trunk (7.6%), and lower limbs (2.3%). The correct rates of clinical and ultrasonic diagnosis were 50.9% and 38.6%, respectively. The two most common pathological features of pilomatrixoma were shadow cells (99.4%) and basaloid cells (94.7%). There were no significant differences in age, disease course, or tumor volume between the male and female patients (p > 0.05). The age and tumor volume of the patients in different body parts were significantly different (P1 = 3.10E-05 and P2 = 5.60E-05, respectively). The correlation between the disease course and tumor volume was positively significant (p ≤ 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the disease course and tumor volume in patients with tumors at upper limbs (p = 0.03).
The age of children with pilomatrixoma presented 2 peaks and 2 valleys. Most patients had disease courses in 24 months and with tumor volumes ≤1.0 cm3. The correct rates of clinical and ultrasonic diagnosis were relatively low. The head and neck were the most common distribution sites of pilomatrixoma, and shadow cells and basaloid cells were the most common pathological features. The tumor volume was positively correlated with disease course in patients with pilomatrixoma.
毛母质瘤是一种常见于儿童的良性皮肤肿瘤，常被误诊。本研究旨在总结儿童毛母质瘤的临床和病理特征。
回顾性收集了深圳宝安妇幼保健院 171 例毛母质瘤患者的人口统计学信息、临床和病理特征、诊断和治疗数据。
患者的平均年龄为 5.7 岁（标准差[SD] = 3.9 岁），有 2 个年龄高峰（≤1 岁，5-11 岁）和 2 个年龄低谷（2-4 岁，≥12 岁）。平均病程为 9.3 个月（SD = 14.1 个月），69.0%、86.5%和 95.3%的患者病程在 6 个月、12 个月和 24 个月内。平均肿瘤体积为 0.6cm3（SD = 1.0cm3），81.3%的患者肿瘤体积≤1.0cm3。肿瘤依次分布于头颈部（77.2%）、上肢（12.9%）、躯干（7.6%）和下肢（2.3%）。临床和超声诊断的准确率分别为 50.9%和 38.6%。毛母质瘤最常见的两种病理特征是影细胞（99.4%）和基底样细胞（94.7%）。男女患者的年龄、病程和肿瘤体积无显著性差异（p＞0.05）。不同部位患者的年龄和肿瘤体积差异有统计学意义（P1=3.10E-05 和 P2=5.60E-05）。病程与肿瘤体积呈正相关（p≤0.05）。上肢肿瘤患者的病程与肿瘤体积呈显著正相关（p=0.03）。
毛母质瘤患儿的年龄呈双峰两谷分布。大多数患者的病程在 24 个月内，肿瘤体积≤1.0cm3。临床和超声诊断的准确率相对较低。头颈部是毛母质瘤最常见的发病部位，影细胞和基底样细胞是最常见的病理特征。毛母质瘤患者的肿瘤体积与病程呈正相关。
