Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, 403514, Taiwan, ROC.
Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL, 32608, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2024 May 15;349:123943. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123943. Epub 2024 Apr 8.
Aeromonas hydrophila has ability to spread tetracycline resistance (tetR) under stresses of oxytetracycline (OTC), one of the most important antibiotics in aquaculture industry. Even though environmental reservoir of Aeromonas allows it to be at interfaces across One Health components, a robust modelling framework for rigorously assessing health risks is currently lacking. We proposed a One Health-based approach and leveraged recent advances in quantitative microbial risk assessment appraised by available dataset to interpret interactions at the human-animal-environment interfaces in various exposure scenarios. The dose-response models were constructed considering the effects on mortality for aquaculture species and tetR genes transfer for humans. A scenario-specific risk assessment on pond species-associated A. hydrophila infection and human gut-associated tetR genes transfer was examined. Risk-based control strategies were involved to test their effectiveness. We showed that farmed shrimp exposed to tetracycline-resistant A. hydrophila in OTC-contaminated water experienced higher infection risk (relative risk: 1.25-1.34). The tetR genes transfer risk for farmers in shrimp ponds (∼2 × 10) and swimmers in coastal areas (∼4 × 10) during autumn exceeded acceptable risk (10). This cautionary finding underscores the importance of accounting for monitoring, assessing, and mitigating occupational health hazards among workers in shrimp farming sectors within future One Health-based strategies for managing water infection risks. We recommend that OTC emission rate together with A. hydrophila concentration should be reduced by up to 70-99% to protect human, farmed shrimp, and environmental health. Our predictive framework can be adopted for other systems and be used as a "risk detector" for assessing tetR-related health risks that invoke potential risk management on addressing sustainable mitigation on offsetting residual OTC emission and tetR genes spread in a species-human-environmental health system.
嗜水气单胞菌在水产养殖行业最重要的抗生素之一土霉素（OTC）的压力下具有传播四环素耐药性（tetR）的能力。尽管环境中嗜水气单胞菌的储存库使其能够在一个健康系统的各个组件的界面中存在，但目前缺乏严格评估健康风险的强大建模框架。我们提出了一种基于一个健康系统的方法，并利用最近在定量微生物风险评估方面的进展，通过现有数据集进行评估，以解释在各种暴露场景下人类-动物-环境界面的相互作用。考虑到水产养殖物种的死亡率和人类的 tetR 基因转移的影响，构建了剂量-反应模型。对池塘物种相关的嗜水气单胞菌感染和人类肠道相关的 tetR 基因转移进行了特定情景的风险评估。还涉及了基于风险的控制策略来测试其有效性。结果表明，在 OTC 污染水中暴露于四环素耐药性嗜水气单胞菌的养殖虾经历了更高的感染风险（相对风险：1.25-1.34）。在秋季，虾塘农民（约 2×10）和沿海地区游泳者（约 4×10）的 tetR 基因转移风险超过了可接受风险（10）。这一警示性发现强调了在未来基于一个健康系统的策略中，需要考虑监测、评估和减轻水产养殖部门工人的职业健康危害，以管理水感染风险。我们建议将 OTC 排放量与嗜水气单胞菌浓度降低 70-99%，以保护人类、养殖虾和环境健康。我们的预测框架可以应用于其他系统，并作为评估 tetR 相关健康风险的“风险探测器”，以应对解决残留 OTC 排放和 tetR 基因在物种-人类-环境健康系统中传播的可持续缓解的潜在风险管理。
