Han Xuebing, Ma Yong, Ding Sujuan, Fang Jun, Liu Gang
College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
Anim Nutr. 2023 Jun 22;14:356-369. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.004. eCollection 2023 Sep.
The animal gut harbors diverse microbes that play an essential role in the well-being of their host. Specific diets, such as those rich in dietary fiber, are vital in disease prevention and treatment because they affect intestinal flora and have a positive impact on the metabolism, immunity, and intestinal function of the host. Dietary fiber can provide energy to colonic epithelial cells, regulate the structure and metabolism of intestinal flora, promote the production of intestinal mucosa, stimulate intestinal motility, improve glycemic and lipid responses, and regulate the digestion and absorption of nutrients, which is mainly attributed to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which is the metabolite of dietary fiber. By binding with G protein-coupled receptors (including GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109A) and inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylases, SCFA regulate appetite and glucolipid metabolism, promote the function of the intestinal barrier, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, and maintain immune system homeostasis. This paper reviews the physicochemical properties of dietary fiber, the interaction between dietary fiber and intestinal microorganisms, the role of dietary fiber in maintaining intestinal health, and the function of SCFA, the metabolite of dietary fiber, in inhibiting inflammation. Furthermore, we consider the effects of dietary fiber on the intestinal health of pigs, the reproduction and lactation performance of sows, and the growth performance and meat quality of pigs.
动物肠道中栖息着多种微生物，它们对宿主的健康起着至关重要的作用。特定的饮食，如富含膳食纤维的饮食，在疾病预防和治疗中至关重要，因为它们会影响肠道菌群，并对宿主的新陈代谢、免疫力和肠道功能产生积极影响。膳食纤维可以为结肠上皮细胞提供能量，调节肠道菌群的结构和代谢，促进肠道黏膜的产生，刺激肠道蠕动，改善血糖和脂质反应，并调节营养物质的消化和吸收，这主要归因于膳食纤维的代谢产物短链脂肪酸（SCFA）。通过与G蛋白偶联受体（包括GPR41、GPR43和GPR109A）结合并抑制组蛋白脱乙酰酶的活性，SCFA调节食欲和糖脂代谢，促进肠道屏障功能，减轻氧化应激，抑制炎症，并维持免疫系统稳态。本文综述了膳食纤维的物理化学性质、膳食纤维与肠道微生物之间的相互作用、膳食纤维在维持肠道健康中的作用，以及膳食纤维的代谢产物SCFA在抑制炎症方面的功能。此外，我们还考虑了膳食纤维对猪肠道健康、母猪繁殖和泌乳性能以及猪生长性能和肉质的影响。
