College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.
Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Mar 28;12:1351395. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1351395. eCollection 2024.
An aging population is one of the main features of China's current population structure, and it is a key area that needs attention to achieve high-quality population development. Because of its unique geographical environment, economic conditions, and sociocultural background, the study of population aging in the karst region of southwest China is particularly important. However, there is a lack of research exploring the regional differentiation of population aging and its influencing factors in the karst regions of southwest China. In light of this, we chose Anshun City, located in Guizhou Province's southwest area, as the case study area. We used the Lorenz curve and spatial autocorrelation to study the differences in the spatial distribution pattern of population aging and introduced multi-scale geographical weighted regression to explore its influencing factors. The results show that Anshun City's older people population proportion (OPP) is generally high with more than 7% of the older people there, making it part of an aging society. The OPP appeared high in the east and low in the west in spatial distribution; the older people population density (OPD) revealed a gradually increasing trend from south to north. At the township scale, both the OPP and the OPD showed significant spatial positive correlation, and the spatial agglomeration characteristics were obvious. OPD and OPP have a positive spatial correlation at the global level, and townships with similar OPP or OPD were spatially adjacent. The spatial distribution characteristics of population aging are the consequence of complex contributions such as natural, social, economic, and karst factors. Further, the spatial distribution pattern of aging is determined by a variety of influencing factors, which have different directions and intensities. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate and implement corresponding policies and strategies to deal with the aging problem in the future.
人口老龄化是中国当前人口结构的主要特征之一，是实现高质量人口发展的重点关注领域。由于其独特的地理环境、经济条件和社会文化背景，中国西南喀斯特地区的人口老龄化研究尤为重要。然而，目前缺乏对中国西南喀斯特地区人口老龄化的区域差异及其影响因素的研究。有鉴于此，我们选择了位于贵州省西南部的安顺市作为案例研究区。我们使用洛伦兹曲线和空间自相关来研究人口老龄化的空间分布模式差异，并引入多尺度地理加权回归来探讨其影响因素。结果表明，安顺市的老年人口比例（OPP）普遍较高，超过 7%的人口属于老年人，这使其成为老龄化社会的一部分。OPP 在空间分布上呈现出东部高、西部低的特点；老年人口密度（OPD）呈现出从南到北逐渐增加的趋势。在乡镇尺度上，OPP 和 OPD 均表现出显著的空间正相关，空间集聚特征明显。OPD 和 OPP 在全局水平上具有正的空间相关性，具有相似 OPP 或 OPD 的乡镇在空间上是相邻的。人口老龄化的空间分布特征是自然、社会、经济和喀斯特等多种因素复杂贡献的结果。进一步，老龄化的空间分布格局由多种影响因素决定，这些因素具有不同的方向和强度。因此，未来有必要制定和实施相应的政策和策略来应对老龄化问题。
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