The characteristics of human aging manifest in tissue and organ function decline, heightening susceptibility to age-related ailments, thereby presenting novel challenges to fostering and sustaining healthy longevity. In recent years, an abundance of research on human aging has surfaced. Intriguingly, evidence suggests a pervasive correlation among gut microbiota, bodily functions, and chronic diseases. From infancy to later stages of adulthood, healthy individuals witness dynamic shifts in gut microbiota composition. This microbial community is associated with tissue and organ function deterioration (e.g., brain, bones, muscles, immune system, vascular system) and heightened risk of age-related diseases. Thus, we present a narrative review of the aging gut microbiome in both healthy and unhealthy aging contexts. Additionally, we explore the potential for adjustments to physical health based on gut microbiome analysis and how targeting the gut microbiome can potentially slow down the aging process.