Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, 54 Daehak-ro, Yesan-eup 32439, Republic of Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 22;25(7):3600. doi: 10.3390/ijms25073600.
This study conducted phenotypic evaluations on a wheat F population derived from 155 F plants. Traits related to seed color, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, anthocyanin, *, *, and *, were assessed, revealing highly significant correlations among various traits. Genotyping using 81,587 SNP markers resulted in 3969 high-quality markers, revealing a genome-wide distribution with varying densities across chromosomes. A genome-wide association study using fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) and Bayesian-information and linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway (BLINK) identified 11 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) associated with *, *, and *, and chromosomal distribution patterns revealed predominant locations on chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 4B. A comprehensive annotation uncovered 69 genes within the genomic vicinity of each MTA, providing potential functional insights. Gene expression analysis during seed development identified greater than 2-fold increases or decreases in expression in colored wheat for 16 of 69 genes. Among these, eight genes, including transcription factors and genes related to flavonoid and ubiquitination pathways, exhibited distinct expression patterns during seed development, providing further approaches for exploring seed coloration. This comprehensive exploration expands our understanding of the genetic basis of seed color and paves the way for informed discussions on the molecular intricacies contributing to this phenotypic trait.
本研究对来自 155 个 F 植株的小麦 F 群体进行了表型评估。评估了与种子颜色相关的性状，包括叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b、类胡萝卜素、花青素、、和，结果表明各种性状之间存在高度显著的相关性。使用 81587 个 SNP 标记进行基因分型，得到了 3969 个高质量标记，揭示了全基因组在染色体上的分布具有不同的密度。使用固定和随机模型循环概率统一（FarmCPU）和贝叶斯信息和连锁不平衡迭代嵌套关键方法（BLINK）进行全基因组关联研究，确定了 11 个与、和显著相关的标记-性状关联（MTAs），并揭示了它们在染色体 2A、2B 和 4B 上的主要分布模式。综合注释揭示了每个 MTA 基因组附近的 69 个基因，提供了潜在的功能见解。对种子发育过程中的基因表达进行分析，发现 69 个基因中有 16 个在有色小麦中的表达增加或减少了两倍以上。其中，包括转录因子和与类黄酮和泛素化途径相关的基因在内的 8 个基因在种子发育过程中表现出明显不同的表达模式，为进一步探索种子颜色提供了思路。这项全面的研究扩展了我们对种子颜色遗传基础的理解，并为深入探讨导致这种表型特征的分子复杂性提供了参考。
