A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 25;25(7):3658. doi: 10.3390/ijms25073658.
Studying the properties of neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs) in a fish model will provide new information about the organization of neurogenic niches containing embryonic and adult neural stem cells, reflecting their development, origin cell lines and proliferative dynamics. Currently, the molecular signatures of these populations in homeostasis and repair in the vertebrate forebrain are being intensively studied. Outside the telencephalon, the regenerative plasticity of NSPCs and their biological significance have not yet been practically studied. The impressive capacity of juvenile salmon to regenerate brain suggests that most NSPCs are likely multipotent, as they are capable of replacing virtually all cell lineages lost during injury, including neuroepithelial cells, radial glia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. However, the unique regenerative profile of individual cell phenotypes in the diverse niches of brain stem cells remains unclear. Various types of neuronal precursors, as previously shown, are contained in sufficient numbers in different parts of the brain in juvenile Pacific salmon. This review article aims to provide an update on NSPCs in the brain of common models of zebrafish and other fish species, including Pacific salmon, and the involvement of these cells in homeostatic brain growth as well as reparative processes during the postraumatic period. Additionally, new data are presented on the participation of astrocytic glia in the functioning of neural circuits and animal behavior. Thus, from a molecular aspect, zebrafish radial glia cells are seen to be similar to mammalian astrocytes, and can therefore also be referred to as astroglia. However, a question exists as to if zebrafish astroglia cells interact functionally with neurons, in a similar way to their mammalian counterparts. Future studies of this fish will complement those on rodents and provide important information about the cellular and physiological processes underlying astroglial function that modulate neural activity and behavior in animals.
研究鱼类模型中的神经干细胞祖细胞（NSPC）的特性将提供有关包含胚胎和成年神经干细胞的神经发生龛的组织的新信息，反映其发育、起源细胞谱系和增殖动力学。目前，正在深入研究这些群体在脊椎动物前脑中的稳态和修复中的分子特征。在端脑之外，NSPC 的再生可塑性及其生物学意义尚未得到实际研究。幼年三文鱼令人印象深刻的大脑再生能力表明，大多数 NSPC 可能具有多能性，因为它们能够替代几乎所有在损伤过程中丢失的细胞谱系，包括神经上皮细胞、放射状胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和神经元。然而，个体细胞表型在脑干细胞不同小生境中的独特再生特征仍不清楚。如前所述，各种类型的神经元前体在幼年太平洋三文鱼大脑的不同部位都有足够数量的存在。这篇综述文章旨在提供关于常见斑马鱼和其他鱼类模型（包括太平洋三文鱼）大脑中的 NSPC 的最新信息，以及这些细胞在稳态大脑生长以及创伤后时期的修复过程中的参与。此外，还提出了关于星形胶质细胞在神经回路和动物行为功能中的参与的新数据。因此，从分子角度来看，斑马鱼放射状胶质细胞类似于哺乳动物的星形胶质细胞，因此也可以被称为星形胶质细胞。然而，存在一个问题是，斑马鱼星形胶质细胞是否以与哺乳动物类似的方式与神经元进行功能性相互作用。对这种鱼类的未来研究将补充对啮齿动物的研究，并提供有关调节动物神经活动和行为的星形胶质细胞功能的细胞和生理过程的重要信息。
