Bailey April H, Williams Adina, Poddar Aashna, Cimpian Andrei
University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA.
Meta Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2024 Apr 13:1461672241232114. doi: 10.1177/01461672241232114.
In principle, the fundamental concepts person, woman, and man should apply equally to people of different genders and races/ethnicities. In reality, these concepts might prioritize certain groups over others. Based on interdisciplinary theories of , we hypothesized that (a) person is more associated with men than women (person = man) and (b) woman is more associated with women than man is with men (i.e., women are more gendered: gender = woman). We applied natural language processing tools (specifically, word embeddings) to the linguistic output of millions of individuals (specifically, the Common Crawl corpus). We found the hypothesized person = man / gender = woman bias. This bias was stronger about Hispanic and White (vs. Asian) women and men. We also uncovered parallel biases favoring White individuals in the concepts person, woman, and man. Western society prioritizes men and White individuals as and "others" women as , with implications for equity across policy- and decision-making contexts.
原则上，“人”“女性”和“男性”这些基本概念应平等适用于不同性别和种族/族裔的人。但实际上，这些概念可能会使某些群体比其他群体更具优先级。基于跨学科理论，我们假设：(a) “人”与男性的关联度高于与女性的关联度（人 = 男性）；(b) “女性”与女性的关联度高于“男性”与男性的关联度（即女性的性别特征更强：性别 = 女性）。我们将自然语言处理工具（具体而言，词嵌入）应用于数百万个体的语言输出（具体而言，通用爬虫语料库）。我们发现了假设的人 = 男性/性别 = 女性的偏差。这种偏差在西班牙裔和白人（与亚裔相比）女性和男性中更为明显。我们还发现在“人”“女性”和“男性”概念中存在偏向白人个体的类似偏差。西方社会将男性和白人个体视为“规范”，而将女性视为“他者”，这对政策和决策背景下的公平性产生了影响。
