Centre for Forensic Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling HWY, Crawley, WA, Australia.
Int J Legal Med. 2024 Sep;138(5):2071-2080. doi: 10.1007/s00414-024-03233-z. Epub 2024 Apr 13.
Chile had a violent military coup (1973-1990) that resulted in 3,000 victims declared detained, missing or killed; many are still missing and unidentified. Currently, the Human Rights Unit of the Forensic Medical Service in Chile applies globally recognised forensic anthropological approaches, but many of these methods have not been validated in a Chilean sample. As current research has demonstrated population-specificity with extant methods, the present study aims to validate sex estimation methods in a Chilean population and thereafter establish population-specific equations. A sample of 265 os coxae of known age and sex of adult Chileans from the Santiago Subactual Osteology Collection were analysed. Visual assessment and scoring of the pelvic traits were performed in accordance with the Phenice (1969) and Klales et al. (2012) methods. The accuracy of Phenice (1969) in the Chilean sample was 96.98%, with a sex bias of 7.68%. Klales et al. (2012) achieved 87.17% accuracy with a sex bias of -15.39%. Although both methods showed acceptable classification accuracy, the associated sex bias values are unacceptable in forensic practice. Therefore, six univariate and eight multivariate predictive models were formulated for the Chilean population. The most accurate univariate model was the ventral arc at 96.6%, with a sex bias of 5.2%. Classification accuracy using all traits was 97.0%, with a sex bias of 7.7%. This study provides Chilean practitioners a population-specific morphoscopic standard with associated classification probabilities acceptable to accomplish legal admissibility requirements in human rights and criminal cases specific to the second half of the 20th century.
智利曾发生暴力军事政变（1973-1990 年），导致 3000 名被宣布为被拘留、失踪或遇害的受害者；其中许多人仍下落不明且身份不明。目前，智利法医服务处的人权股采用全球公认的法医人类学方法，但其中许多方法尚未在智利样本中得到验证。由于现有方法已证明具有特定群体的特异性，因此本研究旨在验证智利人群中的性别估计方法，并在此基础上建立特定人群的方程。对来自圣地亚哥实际骨骼收集的已知年龄和性别的 265 个骨盆骨进行了分析。按照 Phenice（1969 年）和 Klales 等人（2012 年）的方法对骨盆特征进行了目视评估和评分。 Phenice（1969 年）在智利样本中的准确率为 96.98%，性别偏差为 7.68%。 Klales 等人（2012 年）的准确率为 87.17%，性别偏差为-15.39%。尽管这两种方法的分类准确率均较高，但相关的性别偏差值在法医实践中是不可接受的。因此，为智利人群制定了六种单变量和八种多变量预测模型。最准确的单变量模型是腹侧弧，准确率为 96.6%，性别偏差为 5.2%。使用所有特征的分类准确率为 97.0%，性别偏差为 7.7%。本研究为智利从业者提供了特定于人群的形态学标准，并具有相关的分类概率，可满足特定于 20 世纪下半叶的人权和刑事案件的法律可接受性要求。
