Biology Department, University College of Haqel, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabi; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Ain Shams, Cairo, Egypt.
Poult Sci. 2024 Jun;103(6):103695. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103695. Epub 2024 Mar 28.
This research assessed the impacts of dietary nano-propolis liposomes (NPRL) inclusion on the growth, blood biochemical components, immune function, and oxidative status of broilers exposed to cyclic heat stress (HS). Birds were fed with a basal diet supplemented with various levels of NPRL at 0 (HS), 100 (NPRL100), 250 (NPRL250) and 400 (NPRL400) mg/kg diets. Diets supplemented with NPRL significantly improved the growth indices and feed utilization, hemoglobin and red blood cells (P < 0.01). White blood cells, lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly decreased by NPRL inclusion (P < 0.001). Dietary supplementation of 250 or 400 mg of NPRL /kg reduced the pathogenic bacteria counts (Salmonella, E. coli and Enterococci) (P < 0.01). The birds fed diets with NPRL (400 mg/kg diet) significantly downregulated the mRNA IFNγ gene (p < 0.001), while both groups (NPRL100 and NPRL250) had similar results (P > 0.05). The iNOS gene was significantly decreased by the dietary NPRL inclusion in a dose-dependent manner. Birds in NRPL groups had inferior levels of the mRNA of interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor genes. The lysosome activity was significantly reduced by dietary 250 or 400 mg of NPRL inclusion (P < 0.001). Birds in NPRL250 and NPRL100 had greater IgG (P < 0.05) than the other groups. Regarding oxidative-related biomarkers, dietary NPRL inclusion decreased myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels significantly compared to those with the HS group (P < 0.001). Broilers in the NPRL400 group had the lowest levels of total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase. NPRL250 had the lowest values of urea compared with other groups (P < 0.001). Dietary NPRL inclusion improved the broiler's hepatic and intestinal architecture exposed to cyclic heat stress. These results indicate that employing NPRL in the diets of stressed broilers can enhance heat resistance by enhancing blood metabolites and immunity, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
本研究评估了日粮纳米蜂胶脂质体（NPRL）添加对暴露于周期性热应激（HS）的肉鸡生长、血液生化成分、免疫功能和氧化状态的影响。试验鸡分别用基础日粮和添加 0（HS）、100（NPRL100）、250（NPRL250）和 400（NPRL400）mg/kg 日粮的 NPRL 日粮进行饲养。日粮添加 NPRL 显著改善了生长指标和饲料利用率，提高了血红蛋白和红细胞数量（P < 0.01）。白细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞数量因 NPRL 添加而显著减少（P < 0.001）。日粮添加 250 或 400 mg/kg NPRL 降低了病原菌（沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和肠球菌）数量（P < 0.01）。添加 NPRL（400 mg/kg 日粮）的鸡 IFNγ 基因的 mRNA 表达显著下调（p < 0.001），而 NPRL100 和 NPRL250 组结果相似（P > 0.05）。iNOS 基因的 mRNA 表达随日粮 NPRL 添加呈剂量依赖性降低。NPRL 组鸡的白细胞介素-4 和肿瘤坏死因子基因的 mRNA 表达水平较低。添加 250 或 400 mg/kg NPRL 可显著降低溶酶体活性（P < 0.001）。NPRL250 和 NPRL100 组鸡的 IgG 水平显著高于其他组（P < 0.05）。关于氧化相关生物标志物，与 HS 组相比，日粮 NPRL 添加显著降低了髓过氧化物酶和丙二醛水平（P < 0.001）。NPRL400 组鸡的总胆红素和谷氨酰转肽酶水平最低。与其他组相比，NPRL250 组的尿素值最低（P < 0.001）。日粮 NPRL 添加改善了暴露于周期性热应激的肉鸡的肝脏和肠道结构。这些结果表明，在应激肉鸡日粮中添加 NPRL 可以通过增强血液代谢物和免疫力、减少炎症和氧化应激来提高耐热性。
