Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Apr 16;24(1):282. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05755-7.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the commonest mental disorders affecting more than 250 million people globally. Patients with chronic illnesses had higher risks for developing MDD than the general population. Neurolathyrism is a chronic illness characterized by lifelong incurable spastic paralysis of lower extremities; causing permanent disability. It is highly prevalent in Dawunt district, Ethiopia; with a point prevalence of 2.4%. Despite this, there were no previous studies assessing the prevalence of MDD among patients with neurolathyrism in Ethiopia.
To assess the prevalence of MDD and to identify its associated factors among patients with neurolathyrism in Dawunt district, Ethiopia.
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 samples in Dawunt district from February 01 to March 30/ 2021. Multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. The patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression screening tool was used to diagnose MDD. PHQ-9 is a standardized depression screening tool and a PHQ-9 score of ≥ 10 has a sensitivity and specificity of 88.0% [95% CI (83.0-92.0%)] and 85.0% [95% CI (82.0-88.0%)] for screening MDD. Data were collected by interview; entered to EpiData version 4.2.0; exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis; descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model were used; AOR with 95% CI was used to interpret the associations; and finally results were presented by texts, charts, graphs, and tables.
A total of 256 adult patients with neurolathyrism were participated; and the prevalence of MDD was found to be 38.7%. Being female [AOR = 3.00; 95% CI (1.15, 7.84)], living alone [AOR = 2.77; 95% CI (1.02-7.53)], being on neurolathyrism stage-3 [AOR = 3.22; 95% CI (1.09, 9.54)] or stage-4 [AOR = 4.00; 95% CI (1.28, 12.48)], stigma [AOR = 2.69; 95% CI (1.34, 5.39)], and lack of social/ family support [AOR = 3.61; 95% CI (1.80, 7.24)] were found to have statistically significant association with an increased odds of MDD; while regular exercise and ever formal counselling were found to have statistically significant association with a decreased odds of MDD.
The prevalence of MDD among neurolathyrism patients in Dawunt district was high. Lack of social support, stigma, not getting formal counselling, and not involving in regular exercise were modifiable risk factors. Therefore, social support, reducing stigma, formal counselling, and encouraging regular exercise might help to reduce the burden of MDD among neurolathyrism patients.
重度抑郁症（MDD）是影响全球超过 2.5 亿人的最常见精神障碍之一。患有慢性疾病的患者比一般人群更容易患上 MDD。神经白藜芦醇中毒是一种以终身不可治愈的下肢痉挛性瘫痪为特征的慢性疾病；导致永久性残疾。它在埃塞俄比亚的 Dawunt 地区非常普遍；点患病率为 2.4%。尽管如此，以前没有研究评估埃塞俄比亚神经白藜芦醇中毒患者中 MDD 的患病率。
评估 Dawunt 地区神经白藜芦醇中毒患者中 MDD 的患病率，并确定其相关因素。
2021 年 2 月 1 日至 3 月 30 日，在 Dawunt 地区进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究，共纳入 260 名样本。采用多阶段抽样技术选择研究对象。使用患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）抑郁筛查工具来诊断 MDD。PHQ-9 是一种标准化的抑郁筛查工具，PHQ-9 得分≥10 对 MDD 的灵敏度和特异性分别为 88.0%[95%CI（83.0-92.0%）]和 85.0%[95%CI（82.0-88.0%）]。通过访谈收集数据；输入 EpiData 版本 4.2.0；导出到 SPSS 版本 25.0 进行分析；使用描述性统计和二元逻辑回归模型；使用 95%CI 的比值比（AOR）来解释关联；最后通过文本、图表、图形和表格呈现结果。
共有 256 名成年神经白藜芦醇中毒患者参与了研究；发现 MDD 的患病率为 38.7%。女性（AOR=3.00；95%CI（1.15,7.84））、独居（AOR=2.77；95%CI（1.02,7.53））、处于神经白藜芦醇中毒 3 期（AOR=3.22；95%CI（1.09,9.54））或 4 期（AOR=4.00；95%CI（1.28,12.48））、耻辱感（AOR=2.69；95%CI（1.34,5.39））和缺乏社会/家庭支持（AOR=3.61；95%CI（1.80,7.24））与 MDD 的患病风险增加有统计学显著关联；而定期锻炼和接受过正式咨询与 MDD 的患病风险降低有统计学显著关联。
Dawunt 地区神经白藜芦醇中毒患者中 MDD 的患病率较高。缺乏社会支持、耻辱感、未接受正式咨询和未定期锻炼是可改变的危险因素。因此，提供社会支持、减少耻辱感、提供正式咨询和鼓励定期锻炼可能有助于减轻神经白藜芦醇中毒患者的 MDD 负担。
