German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2024 Jun;259:114378. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114378. Epub 2024 Apr 16.
Phthalates and the substitute plasticizer DINCH belong to the first group of priority substances investigated by the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) to answer policy-relevant questions and safeguard an efficient science-to-policy transfer of results. Human internal exposure levels were assessed using two data sets from all European regions and Israel. The first collated existing human biomonitoring (HBM) data (2005-2019). The second consisted of new data generated in the harmonized "HBM4EU Aligned Studies" (2014-2021) on children and teenagers for the ten most relevant phthalates and DINCH, accompanied by a quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) program for 17 urinary exposure biomarkers. Exposures differed between countries, European regions, age groups and educational levels. Toxicologically derived Human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs) were exceeded in up to 5% of the participants of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. A mixture risk assessment (MRA) including five reprotoxic phthalates (DEHP, DnBP, DiBP, BBzP, DiNP) revealed that for about 17% of the children and teenagers, health risks cannot be excluded. Concern about male reproductive health emphasized the need to include other anti-androgenic substances for MRA. Contaminated food and the use of personal care products were identified as relevant exposure determinants paving the way for new regulatory measures. Time trend analyses verified the efficacy of regulations: especially for the highly regulated phthalates exposure dropped significantly, while levels of the substitutes DINCH and DEHTP increased. The HBM4EU e-waste study, however, suggests that workers involved in e-waste management may be exposed to higher levels of restricted phthalates. Exposure-effect association studies indicated the relevance of a range of endpoints. A set of HBM indicators was derived to facilitate and accelerate science-to-policy transfer. Result indicators allow different groups and regions to be easily compared. Impact indicators allow health risks to be directly interpreted. The presented results enable successful science-to-policy transfer and support timely and targeted policy measures.
邻苯二甲酸酯和替代增塑剂 DINCH 属于欧洲人类生物监测倡议 (HBM4EU) 调查的第一组优先物质，旨在回答与政策相关的问题，并确保科学成果向政策的有效转化。人类内部暴露水平是使用来自所有欧洲地区和以色列的两个数据集进行评估的。第一个数据集汇集了现有的人类生物监测 (HBM) 数据（2005-2019 年）。第二个数据集由在协调一致的“HBM4EU 对齐研究”（2014-2021 年）中针对 10 种最相关的邻苯二甲酸酯和 DINCH 在儿童和青少年中生成的新数据组成，同时还为 17 种尿液暴露生物标志物制定了质量保证/质量控制 (QA/QC) 计划。暴露情况因国家、欧洲地区、年龄组和教育水平而异。在 HBM4EU 对齐研究的参与者中，高达 5%的人超过了毒理学衍生的人类生物监测指导值 (HBM-GV)。包括五种生殖毒性邻苯二甲酸酯（DEHP、DnBP、DiBP、BBzP、DiNP）的混合物风险评估 (MRA) 表明，约有 17%的儿童和青少年不能排除健康风险。对男性生殖健康的关注强调需要将其他抗雄激素物质纳入 MRA。受污染的食物和个人护理产品被确定为相关暴露决定因素，为新的监管措施铺平了道路。时间趋势分析验证了法规的有效性：特别是对于高度监管的邻苯二甲酸酯，暴露水平显著下降，而替代品 DINCH 和 DEHTP 的水平则有所上升。然而，HBM4EU 电子废物研究表明，参与电子废物管理的工人可能会接触到更高水平的受限邻苯二甲酸酯。暴露-效应关联研究表明了一系列终点的相关性。一套 HBM 指标被提取出来，以促进和加速科学向政策的转移。结果指标可方便比较不同群体和地区。影响指标可直接解释健康风险。所呈现的结果使科学向政策的成功转移成为可能，并支持及时和有针对性的政策措施。
