Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.
Open Vet J. 2024 Jan;14(1):398-406. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i1.36. Epub 2024 Jan 31.
The use of traditional medicine against viral diseases in animal production has been practiced worldwide. Herbal extracts possess organic substances that would improve chicken body performance.
The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of either thyme or ginseng oil in regard to their immune-modulatory, antiviral, and growth promoter properties.
Two hundred and forty-one-day-old broiler chicks were allocated into eight equal groups as the following: group 1; nonvaccinated and nontreated and group 2; Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccinated and nontreated. Birds of groups 3 and 4 were treated with thyme oil (200 mg/l of drinking water for 12 hours/day) without or with NDV vaccination. Birds of groups 5 and 6 were treated with ginseng oil (200 mg/l of drinking water for 12 hours/day) without or with NDV vaccination. Birds of groups 7 and 8 were treated with a combination of ginseng oil (100 mg/l of drinking water) and thyme oil (100 mg/l of drinking water) for 12 hours/day. On the 35th day of life, birds in all the experimental groups were given 0.1 ml of a virulent genotype VIId NDV strain suspension containing 106.3 EID50/ml intramuscularly.
Administration of ginseng and thyme oils each alone or simultaneously to birds either vaccinated or nonvaccinated elicited a significant improvement in body performance parameters. Administration of thyme and ginseng each alone or concurrently to vaccinated birds (Gp 4, 6, and 8) induced a higher hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer of 6, 7.3, and 6.3 log2 at 21 days of age, 6.7, 7.6, and 7 log2, at 28 days of age and 7, 8, and 6.8 log2 at 35 days of age, respectively. Challenge with vNDV genotype VII led to an increase in the NDV-specific HI-Ab titers 10 days post challenge in all the experimental groups. In addition, thyme, ginseng oils, or a combination of them improved the protection from mortality in vaccinated birds; by 100%, 100%, and 90%, respectively, compared with 80% protection from mortality in vaccinated-only birds post-NDV challenge. Moreover, NDV-vaccinated birds treated either with thyme; ginseng or their combination showed negative detection of the virus in both tracheal and cloacal swabs and nonvaccinated groups that received oils showed improvement in vNDV shedding in tracheal and cloacal swabs.
It could be concluded that the administration of thyme and ginseng essential oils to broilers can improve productive performance parameters, stimulate humoral immunity against, and protect from vNDV infection.
在动物生产中使用传统医学来对抗病毒疾病已在全球范围内得到实践。草药提取物含有有机物质，可以改善鸡体性能。
本研究旨在评估百里香或人参油在免疫调节、抗病毒和生长促进方面的作用。
将 241 日龄的肉鸡分为 8 组，如下所示：第 1 组；未接种和未处理，第 2 组；接种新城疫病毒（NDV）和未处理。第 3 组和第 4 组的鸟类用百里香油（每天 12 小时，饮用水中 200mg/L）处理，或不接种 NDV。第 5 组和第 6 组的鸟类用人参油（每天 12 小时，饮用水中 200mg/L）处理，或不接种 NDV。第 7 组和第 8 组的鸟类用 100mg/L 的人参油和 100mg/L 的百里香油混合（每天 12 小时）处理。在第 35 天生命时，所有实验组的鸟类均接受含有 106.3 EID50/ml 的强毒基因型 VIId NDV 株悬浮液 0.1ml 肌肉内注射。
单独或同时给接种或未接种疫苗的鸟类施用人参和百里香油，均可显著改善体性能参数。单独或同时给接种疫苗的鸟类（Gp 4、6 和 8）施用百里香和人参可诱导更高的血凝抑制（HI）滴度，分别为 6、7.3 和 6.3 log2，在 21 天龄时，6.7、7.6 和 7 log2，在 28 天龄时和 7、8 和 6.8 log2，在 35 天龄时。用 vNDV 基因型 VII 进行攻毒后，所有实验组的 NDV 特异性 HI-Ab 滴度在攻毒后 10 天内均有所增加。此外，百里香、人参油或两者的混合物可提高接种疫苗鸟类的死亡率保护率；分别为 100%、100%和 90%，而仅接种 NDV 后的死亡率保护率为 80%。此外，用百里香、人参或其混合物处理的 NDV 接种鸡在气管和泄殖腔拭子中均检测不到病毒，而接受油的非接种鸡在气管和泄殖腔拭子中的 vNDV 脱落得到改善。
可以得出结论，给肉鸡施用百里香和人参精油可以改善生产性能参数，刺激针对 vNDV 的体液免疫，并提供对 vNDV 感染的保护。
