Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada.
Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada.
MAGMA. 2024 Oct;37(5):765-790. doi: 10.1007/s10334-024-01160-z. Epub 2024 Apr 18.
Neurodegenerative disorders, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), are heterogenous disorders which affect the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a non-invasive method for studying, diagnosing, and monitoring disease progression. As an emerging research area, many studies have attempted to connect MR metrics to underlying pathophysiological presentations of heterogenous neurodegeneration. Most commonly, small animal models are used, including Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis (TMEV), and toxin models including cuprizone (CPZ), lysolecithin, and ethidium bromide (EtBr). A contrast and comparison of these models is presented, with focus on the cuprizone model, followed by a review of literature studying neurodegeneration using MRI and the cuprizone model. Conventional MRI methods including T Weighted (TW) and T Weighted (TW) Imaging are mentioned. Quantitative MRI methods which are sensitive to diffusion, magnetization transfer, susceptibility, relaxation, and chemical composition are discussed in relation to studying the CPZ model. Overall, additional studies are needed to improve both the sensitivity and specificity of MRI metrics for underlying pathophysiology of neurodegeneration and the relationships in attempts to clear the clinico-radiological paradox. We therefore propose a multiparametric approach for the investigation of MR metrics for underlying pathophysiology.
神经退行性疾病，包括多发性硬化症（MS），是影响中枢神经系统（CNS）髓鞘的异质性疾病。磁共振成像（MRI）提供了一种非侵入性的方法来研究、诊断和监测疾病进展。作为一个新兴的研究领域，许多研究试图将 MR 指标与异质性神经退行性变的潜在病理生理学表现联系起来。最常见的是使用小动物模型，包括实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）、Theiler 鼠脑脊髓炎（TMEV），以及毒素模型，包括铜缺乏（CPZ）、溶血卵磷脂和溴化乙锭（EtBr）。本文对这些模型进行了对比和比较，重点介绍了 CPZ 模型，然后回顾了使用 MRI 和 CPZ 模型研究神经退行性变的文献。提到了常规 MRI 方法，包括 T 加权（TW）和 T 加权（TW）成像。讨论了与 CPZ 模型研究相关的对扩散、磁化转移、磁化率、弛豫和化学成分敏感的定量 MRI 方法。总体而言，需要进一步的研究来提高 MRI 指标对神经退行性变潜在病理生理学的敏感性和特异性，以及尝试解决临床放射学悖论的关系。因此，我们提出了一种用于研究潜在病理生理学的多参数方法。
